FS 4220A midterm

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October 19th, 2016
Courtney Westerberg
Flashcards by Courtney Westerberg, updated more than 1 year ago
Courtney Westerberg
Created by Courtney Westerberg over 7 years ago
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A tool used to understand and describe the world; a general framework of ideas and how they relate to each other. Theory
Component of theories; beliefs that are taken for granted or believed to be true. Assumptions
The terms and specific ideas used in building the theory. Concepts
Statements that demonstrate how concepts fit together in a context Propositions
A theory's ability to help us generate questions Heuristic Value
Moving from specific bits of information toward a general idea. Inductive Reasoning
Taking a general idea from a theory and testing it to tease out details Deductive Reasoning
Radical changes or shifts in scientific views Paradigm Shifts
What are the 5 functions of theories? Descriptive function, sensitizing function, integrative function, explanatory function, and value function.
List 5 ways to evaluate theories. 1) Clarity of concepts 2) Consistency 3) Acknowledgement of limits 4) Ethical implications 5) Openness to change and modification
What 4 ways do families differ from other social groups? 1) families last much longer and require lifetime memberships 2) families are intergenerational 3) families represent biological relationships 4) families are connected to larger kinship networks
A social group characterized by common residence, economic cooperation, and reproduction Family
This theory is based on the "organic analogy"; that society is like the human body (society is also composed of many parts that must function together to work properly) Structural Functionalism Theory
The view that social science should be based on empirical observations Positivism
PERSON: Comparative sociology, helped with the framework of SF; worked in Australia and Africa on economic circumstances and kinship ideas Alfred Radcliffe-Brown, 1950s - 1960s
PERSON: Believed that behaviour was driven by our efforts to conform the moral code of society; applied SF to family life and concluded that husbands and wives must play certain roles Parsons
What are the two central components of SF? The function of families is to procreate and socialize children; and all systems have functions
What are the 5 patterns variables that reflect the value orientation of individuals and societies as they make decisions about what actions to take? Ascription/Achievement Diffuseness/Specificity Particularism/Universalism Affectivity/Affective Neutrality Collectivity/Self
Explain each: Ascription/Achievement Diffuseness/Specificity Particularism/Universalism Affectivity/Affective Neutrality Collectivity/Self 1. Born into/work for, get 2. Lot of people for lot of things (skin)/one person who does a specific thing (doctor, gall bladder) 3. Person-specific behaviours (grandmother, friends)/"feminine" behaviours (higher pitch, smiling more) 4. Emotional expressiveness/emotion not involved, utile 5. Interests in others/interest in self
The composition of the family Structure
Tasks that need to be performed within a family to ensure its physical survival (who does this go to?) Instrumental (Husband)
The relationship interactions necessary for the psychological satisfaction of family members (who does this go to?) Expressive (Wife)
Refers to the traditional nuclear family composed of a husband, wife and children The Benchmark Family
A person who rejects both the normative goals and the means to obtain them Retreatism
What are the 4 essential functions that the family provides to all societies? Sexual, reproduction, socialization, and economic
Use theory to explain data --> "top down" Deductive
What is the standard way of research? Deductive
Use data to develop theory --> "grounded theory" from ground up Inductive
_______ is based on _________, which are comprised of ____________, which can be linked together to form ____________. Theory, assumptions, concepts, propositions
PERSON: Tries to categorize deviation for SF Merton
What are some critiques of SF? -A fairly broad topic -Can't really account for non-environmentally driven change -Deviation can't really be accounted for
How might SF be different if created in today's society? -If it were created by someone with the same viewpoints, there would be a lot of backlash -Would include more variations of families but social ideal would be the same
In the same way that a family must ______ in order to continue itself, a wheelchair basketball team must _______ new members. This is termed the _______ of the system. Procreate, recruit, function
What 2 types of socialization was mentioned in the wheelchair basketball study and the main agents of each? 1. Initial/Peers 2. Continuing/Coaches
What are two fundamental weaknesses of the Family Development Theory? 1. The assumption that the stages are universally experienced by all families 2. The bias toward the experience of a single generation
Family development can be analyzed at what 4 different levels? 1. The individual family member 2. Family relationships 3. The Family Group 4. The institution of family
Who were the primary scholars of Family Development Theory? Duvall and Hill
What are some assumptions of Family Development Theory? -Families change one time -Tasks are associated with each stage of development -Institutional and social norms shape these stages and tasks -Development is reciprocal
Behaviours and attitudes shaped by society, internalized, affected by our personalities and experiences Role
Childbearing after marriage; early education precedes marriage Normative sequencing
What are the stages of the Family Life Cycle Theory? 1-5 expansion - courtship & marriage, babies, preschoolers, school-aged kids, adolescents 6-8 contraction - launch young adults, empty nest middle years, aging & dying
What are the 4 stages of Family Career Theory? -Establishing couples -Parenting -Return to couple hood Aging
Who expanded on FDT ideas with the concept of time? Bengston and Allen (1990s)
Who expanded on FDT & developed B&A's work with the concepts of historical and geographic location? Elder and Giele (2000s)
Who applied FDT to family therapy? Carter and McGoldrock (1990s)
Who developed Systemic FD and what is it? Laszloffy Like a layer cake, each generation influences the one below and above.
What are some critiques of Family Development Theory? -Theory is descriptive rather than predictive -Viewed deviance as negative (too lock-step)
Methodology associated with Symbolic Interactionism Theory; individuals' responses, subjective experiences are highlighted. Theory generated from data; interview-heavy data, very descriptive. Not a theory Grounded Theory
Seeking evidence to support claims Empiricism
What is impulsive, selfish, unorganized, and demanding? It is instinctive. "I" (Id)
What has incorporated other or generalized other? (how society views my actions; moderates behaviour, attitudes, expectations). It is learned. "Me" (superego)
PERSON: For SI, we learn about ourselves through interacting with others; self develops through early childhood stages of "I" and "Me" Mead, 1900s
PERSON: (SI) We use what others think about to form ideas about ourselves (internalized racism, sexism, homophobia, etc.) Cooley, 1900s
PERSON: (SI) One of the first to apply these ideas to families: social location - must understand families' subjectivity Thomas, early 1900s
PERSON: Synthesizes prior thought into "symbolic interactionism" Blume, early mid. 1900s
Something that represents something else, shorthand Symbol
Different roles have different importance at different times Salience
Characteristics that make an individual recognizable Identity
What are the 3 categories of the 7 basic assumptions of SI? 1. Meaning 2. Humans develop a sense of self 3. Humans' society shapes them significantly
What are the 3 of the 7 basic assumptions that go under the first category, Meaning? -people react to something according to the meaning it has to them -positive & negative meanings are learned through interactions with others -we take our meanings & bring them to bear on other situations
What are the 2 of the 7 basic assumptions that go under the second category, Humans develop a sense of self? -children develop sense of self through interactions with others -adults' sense of self incorporates others' perceptions
What are the 2 of the 7 basic assumptions that go under the third category, Humans' society shapes them significantly? -individuals influenced by cultural values -these are learned by living in society
What are some critiques of SI? -not well organized -not incredibly predictive -emotions and feelings not addressed
How close or unified a family feels and how economically independent they are Integration
What are the 4 stages that families go through when faced with a stressful situation? Crisis, disorganization, recovery, and reorganization
What are a, b, c, and X in the abc-x model? a - stressor b - resources c - perception x - crisis
What are the 3 types/kinds of stressor events? 1. Normative or non-normative (predicated or not) 2. Ambiguous or clear 3. Volitional or non-volitional (planned or not)
A stressor that you expect to last a long time Chronic stressor
A stressor that happens quickly and does not last very long, but it is intense when it is happening Acute stressor
What 3 categories do resources fall into? Individual, family, and community
Cognitively reframing the problem so that it does not seem so overwhelming Intrapsychic coping
Who created the abc-x model from the 1940s? Hills
What are the 8 criteria that affect the degree to which a stressor will impact a family? -internal (+) or external -individual (+) or group -sudden or gradual (+) -severity, magnitude (low (+) or high) -short term (+) or long term -expected (+) or not natural (+) or unnatural
Who came up with the 8 criteria that affect the degree to which a stressor will impact a family? Lipman-Bluman, 1970s
Who came up with the 3 categories of resources? McCubbin and Patterson, 1980s
What are the 3 ways to use resources (coping)? -direct actions -intrapsychic coping -controlling emotions
Who created the Double ABC-X model? McCubbin and Patterson
What is the MEES? Mundane extreme environmental stress (meant for racism, although can be used for other minorities)
What is the FAAR? Family adjustment and adaption response (processes of communication and coping)
The inherited practices, codes, beliefs, and traditions that shape what families do on a daily basis but that are often hidden from view Implicit Theories
What is being family? -loyalty -spending time together -love, other emotions -biological/genetic connection -shared history
What are the 3 recommendations for family theories? 1. Belief, feeling, intuition 2. Consumption of things 3. Location of family members in time and space
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