Population - The Demographic Transition Model

Population - The Demographic Transition Model

1. Stage One

   • Very high birth rate
     • High infant mortality rate
     • Uneducated population
     • Children are future sources of income
     • Lack of family planning
     • Religious beliefs
     • Many kids is a sign of fertility
   • Very high death rate
     • Very poor hygiene
     • Bad healthcare (lack of technology)
     • Average life expectancy is very low
     • Wide-spread diseases
     • Lack of clean water
     • Famine
     • War
   • Birth rate and death rate are both high anfd fluctuating
   • Examples of stage one may be tribes and parts of Ethiopia
   • Typical of Britain in the 18th century
   • Total population low, increasing slowly

2. Stage Two

   • Falling death rate because
     • Healthcare is improving dramatically and quickly
     • Improved hygiene
     • Improved sanitation
     • Improved food production and storage
     • Improved transportation
       • Means people can reach hospitals quicker
       • Food can be transported more easily
     • Falling infant mortality rate
   • Death rate has fallen but birth rate is still high
   • Examples would be Bangladesh, India and Nigeria
   • Typical of Britain in the 19th century
   • Total population increasing massively

3. Stage Three

   • Birth rate starts to fall
   • Death rate continues falling
   • Total population is still increasing
   • Reasons for falling birth rate
     • Family planning becoming more common
     • Lower infant mortality rate
     • Increased mechanization means less workers are needed
       • Means children are no longer future sources of income
     • Increased standard of living
     • Changing status of women
   • Examples include China and Brazil
   • About the point at which a country goes through the industrial revolution
   • Britain at the end of the 19th century, start of the 20th century

4. Stage Four

   • Low birth rate
   • Low death rate
   • Total population is steady
   • Sometimes birth rate may fall below death rate
   • Known as low fluctuating
   • Examples include Canada, the USA and Britain
   • Britain today
     • Post 1940

5. Stage Five

   • Birth rate stays low
     • May even decrease slightly
   • Death rate starts to increase
   • Results in a declining population
   • Results in an ageing population
     • Causes pension problems and housing problems (bungalows)
   • Examples are Russia, Germany and Japan
   • Death rate may rise slightly due to poor dieting and smoking/alcohol consumption
   • Britain in the close future (maybe 2050)

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap