Bonding in compounds

Bonding in compounds

1. Covalent bonding

   • Pure covalent
   • Polar covalent

2. Van der waals' forces

   • London dispersion forces
     • between all molecules and atoms
     • The only force present in non-polar molecules and monatomic elements
     • The weakest attractive force
     • between all halogens and between noble gas (monatomic) atoms
   • Hydrogen bonding
     • Between polar molecules (intermolecular) where an hydrogen atom is directly bonded to an nitrogen, oxygen or flourine atom
     • The strongest force of attraction( > both LDF and PD-PD interactions)
     • Water is an example of a compounds with hydrogen bonding between molecules
   • Permanent dipole permanent dipole interactions
     • Stronger than LDF but weaker than hydrogen bonding
     • Between polar molecules

3. Ionic bonding

4. Viscosity

   • a quantity expressing the magnitude of internal friction in a fluid (thickness of a liquid)