Solutions

Solutions

1. Definition: Liquids that contain two or more components

2. types

   • stock solution
     • standard solutions
       • solutions of known concentration
         • solute
           • the substance that is dissolved in a solution.
     • To make a dilution from a more concentrated starting solution
     • Dilution
       • s the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in solution, usually simply by mixing with more solvent

3. characteristic

   • solvent:
     • is the component present in the greatest quantity, in which the solute is dissolved
   • concentration
     • Is determined by the amount of solute (n) and the volume of solution (v) of a solution (c)

4. units

   • PPM
     • different unit of concentration, known as parts per million.It denotes one part per 10^6 by masss

5. methods

   • Titration
     • technique used to determine the reacting volume precisely
   • Volumetric analysis
     • quantitative chemical analysis. the amount of a substance is determined by the measurement of the volume the substance occupies

6. Instruments

   • Burette
     • a calibrated glass tube that can deliver precise volumes into the conical flask
   • Pipette
     • used to measure a known volume of one of the solutions into a conical flask
   • conical flask
     • a glass container with a flat base, a wide, rounded body, and a long neck, used in scientific work

7. Reactions

   • Equivalence point
     • The point at which the two solutions have reacted completely
     • indicator
       • any device, as a gauge, dial, register, or pointer, that measures or records and visibly indicates
     • end point
       • is the conclusion of a chemical reaction