Unit 2 Geography

Unit 2 Geography

1. Topic 1 Population dynamias

   • Reasons for increase population
     • Better medicines
     • Better technology
     • People living longer
     • Better nutrition
     • Better living conditions
     • Cleaner drinking water
   • Birth rate and death rate
     • If less people die and more people are born, it increases the words population at the present time
   • Immigration
     • More people entering the country making more people added to the population of that area
   • Natural change
     • When at the birth rate exceeds the death rate increasing the population
     • With more people it means more children will be being born, further increasing the population
   • Key terms
     • Birth rate: the number of birth per 1,000 in a year
     • Death rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 in a year
     • Natural increase: The difference between birth rate and death rate
     • Natural change: The change in population numbers which result from the differ death and birth rates
     • Migration: The process of people changing their place of residents, within or between countries
     • Immigration: People arriving in a country to live for more than a year
     • Emigration: A person living in a country and moves somewhere else for atleast a year
     • Zero population growth: when natural change and migration cancel each other out
     • Exponential growth: Rapid increase of population
   • Reasons for decreased population
     • Cost of raising a child increases
     • Civil war in a country
     • Introduction of birth control
     • Increase of women seeking employment
     • fewer labourers required to work the farm land
   • DMT
     • It shows the change of death rate, birth rate and natural change increase of a county over time
     • Created by Warren Thompson in 1929
     • Adapted to indicate socio-economic development in 1945
   • Demographic transition model
     • Stage 1: High BR and DR which fluctuate ( Natural increase is low)
       • High BR because of not birth control.
         • High infant mortality.
       • High death rate from poor hygiene
         • High rates of disease and infant mortality
       • No country is at this stage
     • Stage 2: High birth rate and falling death rate (rapid natural increase)
       • Falling DR because of improved Health care, housing and nutrition
         • Also lo rates of infant mortality and desease
       • Country include LIC's, such as Niger, Chad and Somalia
     • Stage 3: falling BR and DR (natural increase decreases)
       • Falling BR due to improved birth control
         • Fewer child mortality which encourages couples to have less children
           • Less children working
       • Countries include MICs and NICs, such as India, Mexico and Brazil
     • Stage 4: Low BR and DR which both fluctuate (natural increase is low)
       • The population 'greys' - gets older.
       • BR is kept low, due to available and effective birth control
         • families want it all for their children
           • and changing role of women ( career women and a longer stay in education)
       • Countries include HICs such as USA, France and Denmark
   • Case Studies: Population Structure
     • Japan
       • Economic growth
         • To make strong economic growth men work long hours ( often 50 hour a week)
           • couple find it hard to get time to raise a family
       • demographic Factors
         • Japanese people eat healthily diet
           • Low fats, sugar and salts
             • see life expectancy
         • Baby booms creating a larger band of people aged 35-44
       • Migration
         • has no significant immigration groups, 98% of the population is Japanese
       • Conflict
         • World war killed many men which made a small group of 85+
         • After WWII There was a baby boom and now they are about the 60 age
       • Great health lowers death rate
         • Japan Has 206 doctors per 100,00 people
       • Ageing populaion
       • Ageing population issues
         • declining population makes more jobs available
           • letting immigrants into the country to prevent socio-economic problem
             • 20 million people needed to be let into the country
         • Japan has a long history of being brain washed into freeing foreigners
           • they believe foreigners are more likely to commit crimes
             • grants are less likely to achieve a a position of respect or authority
     • Mexico
       • 2005- 2010 1.4 million Mexicans moved out of Mexico but 1.4 million moved back
       • Low death rates increase older population
       • Mexico has a vast youth population
         • Heath service increased dramatically making less children die at birth
           • Leads to Mexico having a large youth population
       • less are leaving around the ages of 20-34 because of economic growth
         • Mass amount of 45-64 moved out of Mexico, 10,000 crossed the border into America
   • Case study:Population policy
     • China: one child policy
       • The need for the policy
         • Lack of resources
         • Over crowding
         • Large population
         • Slow down impacts of natural problems
         • Less people left without surficent things for living
       • Problems with the population
         • Parents spoil the only child and it leads to obesity
         • Brief kidnapping has increase because of less women
         • Not everyone can be monitored
         • Low life expectance which makes a shortage of labour
       • Success with the policy
         • Birth rate dropped 34 per 1000 in 1970 to 13 per 1000 in 2008
         • Population growth rate dropped from 2.4% to 0.6%
         • Less people being left without anything
       • How it works
         • Couples without children were told to wait their tuen
         • Young people were told to perspone marriages
         • They can get things such as...
           • benefits
           • cash bonuses
           • Better housing
           • better child care
         • Women with unauthorised prognosis where pressured into abortions
     • Singapore: Have three or more
       • At first the government were worried about the island becoming over populated
       • Why...
         • Their policy changed to a Pro-natalist policy
           • they make people what to do the policy by
             • Cheap nurseries
             • Preferential access to the best schools
             • Spacious apartments
         • A low population for the country
       • Women are discouraged to have abortions
       • Giving people the choice to have three or more if they can afford it
   • Migration and the UK
     • Re-opening the door
       • What issues
         • a period of economic boom saw a shortage of labour
         • They were accused of depriving UK workers
           • And taking advantage of the benefit system
         • The UK is unable to control the movement of economic migrants
       • Benefits created
         • Many citizens of new EU countries have come to work inn the ok
         • migrants contributing to the economy
         • Many jobs they take are low paid jobs
         • Migrants have a strong work ethic
       • Problems created
         • stay until have enough money to take home
         • A lot entire from out side the EU
         • gone home because of better employment prospects
     • Closing the door
       • What issues
         • The UK had more then enough labour
         • I was clear that the immigrants created great tension
       • Benefits created
         • met the shortage of unskilled and semi-skilled labour
         • Played a big part of post war reconstruction of the country
         • White people have found over time that immigrants aren't threatening
       • problems created
         • the pubic money was spent on meeting the everyday needs of the immigrants
           • housing, school, health care
         • When the economy went into recession in the 1970's the immigrants added to the burden
         • immigrates were discriminated against and abused
     • Open Door
       • What issues
         • Encouraged by an act of parliament
         • Free entry into the UK
         • Post-war immigration came mainly from colonies in the Caribbean
       • Benefits created
         • Many people found work in textile factories
         • Many drove buses or worked on the railway
         • Later arrivers, particularly from india opened corner shops and restaurants
       • Problems created
         • There was over 1 million immigrants

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