Atoms and Elements

Atoms and Elements

1. There are around 100 elements

2. Every element is a pure substnace and no element can be made of anything else

3. The romans knew about some elements: Silver, Gold, Copper, Iron, Mercury, Lead and Tin

4. Most matter on Earth is made up of atoms. The atom is the smallest particle of a chemical element

5. The size of an atom is measured in picometers (trillionth of a meter)

6. The name atom comes from the Greek word Atoms which means uncuttable, or invisible, something that cannot be divided further

7. A chemical element is a substance consisting of a single type of atom

8. The non-metals are on the right side of the periodic table, whereas the metals are on the right

9. The name of a chemical compund tells us about the elements that it is made from. The simplest compounds are made of only two types of elements. The names of these compounds have two parts. An example is Magnesium Oxide

   • Mono (one) Di (two) Tri (three)

10. Carbon, oxygen and gold are all elements

    • Substances that contain only one type of atom are called elements
      • Compounds always contain more than one type of atom
        • The chemical name for common salt is sodium chloride. There are two parts to the chemical name. This means it is a compound.
          • Water has the formula H2O. There are two elements in water. Hydrogen is one, and Oxygen is the other. Water is a compound. The full chemical name for water is Hydrogen Oxide. The formula tells us that water contains more hydrogen than oxygen.

11. Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Argon are all examples of non-metals.

12. Most non-metals are dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity, but are good insulators.

    • Most non-metals are gases at room temperature, including Oygen and Chlorine.
      • One non-metal, Bromine, is a liquid at room temperature
        • The other non-metals are solid at room temperature, including Carbon and Sulphur.

13. We represnt each element with a symbol consisting of one, two or even three letters

14. The horizontal rows are called Period

    • The vertical coloumns are called groups
      • Elements in the same group are related

15. Most of the elements are metals ,rather than non-metals

16. Iron, Cobalt and Nickel are all magnetic elements

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