TO INFINITIVO Y -ING

TO INFINITIVO Y -ING

1. 1. VERBO + TO + INFINITIVO

   • (can/can´t) afford; agree; aim; appear; arrange; attempt; choose; decide; demand; deserve; fail; hope; learn; manage; neglect; offer; omit; plan; pretend; refuse; seem; tend; threaten; (can´t) wait; wish
     • If you decide to add nuts...
     • If you decide not to ice it...

2. 2. VERBOS + PRONOMBRE/OBJETO + TO + INFINITIVO

   • a) SIEMPRE tienen un objeto antes del "to+infinitivo"
     • advice; allow; encourage; forbid; invite; order; permit; persuade; remind; teach; warn
       • Her father taught HER to play tennis
       • The school allows STUDENTS to wear jeans
   • b) advice, encourage, forbid, permit
     • puede también ser seguidos de -ing cuando no hay objeto
       • I advice YOU to add nuts
         • I advice adding nuts

3. 3. VERBOS + (OBJETO) + TO + INFINITIVO

   • ask, beg, expect, help, intend, promise, want
     • pueden ir a veces con un objeto
       • We expected to be late
         • We expected TOM to be late
       • We wanted to stay longer
         • We wanted THEM to stay longer

4. 4. VERBOS + INFINITIVO SIN TO

   • a) can, could, may, might, must, needn´t, shall, should, will, would, had better, would rather
   • b) Help
     • puede ir con "to" o sin "to"
       • We helped them (to) start their car
   • c) make y let
     • siempre con un objeto son seguidos por infinitivo sin "to"
       • Let the cake cool for half an hour
       • I made my sister help with the cooking

5. 5. VERBO + -ING

   • admit, avoid, can´t face, can´t help, can´t stand, carry on, consider, delay, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, fancy, feel like, finish, give up, imagine, involve, keep (on), mention, (not) mind, miss, postpone, practise, put off, recommend, risk, suggest
     • I enjoy making it
     • I suggest adding a little lemon juice
     • forma negativa
       • Can you imagine not having a car nowadays?
       • If you don´t leave immediately, you risk not catching your plane

6. 6. VERBOS + TO + INFINITIVO O -ING (SIN NINGUNA DIFERENCIA DE SIGNIFICADO

   • begin, can´t bear, continue, hate, dislike, like, love, prefer, propose, start
     • a) I prefer using apricots / I prefer to use apricots
     • b) Dos formas con -ing no son suelen usar
       • I was starting to make a cake when the phone rang (no "I was starting making...")
     • c) would like / would prefer / would hate / would love + to + infinitivo
       • She would like to go out but we would prefer to stay in
     • d) Like + to + infinitivo = hábito
       • I like to catch the early bus on Monday

7. 7. VERBOS + TO + INFINITIVO O -ING CON CAMBIO EN EL SIGNIFICADO

   • a) remember
     • + to + infinitivo = recordar algo a hacer
       • Remember to check whether the cake is ready
     • + -ing = recordar hacer algo del pasado
       • I remember coming here when I was a young
   • b) forget
     • + to + infinitivo = no olvidar hacer algo
       • Don´t forget to add the baking powder
     • + -ing = perder la memoria de algo que hiciste
       • I will never forget going to school on my own for the first time
   • c) regret
     • + to `infinito = lamentar tener que hacer algo en el presente
       • I regret to inform you that your application was unsuccessful
     • + -ing= lamentar haber hecho algo en el pasado
       • We regret sending our daughter to that school
   • d) stop
     • + to + infinitivo = para una actividad un momento para hacer otra
       • Let´s stop to buy some sweet on the way home
     • + -ing = ya no hacer algo por más tiempo
       • I have stopped smoking; it´s too expensive
   • e) mean
     • + to + infinitivo = tener la intención de...
       • I meant to phone the electrician but I forgot
     • + -ing = suponer
       • Dieting usually means giving up things you enjoy
   • f) go on
     • + to + infinitivo = cambiar a una actividad diferente
       • She first discussed the goods and then went on to discuss the prize
     • + -ing = seguir, continuar la misma actividad
       • Some footballers go on playing professionally until they´re nearly 40
   • g) try
     • + to + infinitivo = intentar hacer algo
       • Alan tried to stop the thief as he ran away
     • + -ing= experimentar para ver que ocurre
       • Try resting for a while; you might feel better then

8. 8. VERBOS + -ING O INFINITIVO SIN TO

   • pueden ir seguidos de infinitivo sin to o -ing
     • feel, hear, notice, see, watch
       • tienen un diferente significado con infinitivo sin to y con -ing
         • infinitivo sin to
           • una actividad continuando
             • I watched the boys playing football
         • - ing
           • una breve acción terminada
             • I watched the boy kick the football into the road

9. 9. ADJETIVOS + TO + INFINITIVO

   • afraid, cheap, dangerous, delighted, difficult, easy, expensive, happy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleased, possible, safe, sorry, surprised
     • I´m surprised to see you here
     • The book was hard to understand and at times I found it almost impossible to read
     • NOTA: dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, nice
       • algunas veces pueden ser seguidos por -ing sin el mismo significado
         • It´s nice meeting friends after school
         • It´s nice to meet friends after school