ANIMAL DIGESTIVE SYTEMS

ANIMAL DIGESTIVE SYTEMS

1. The digestive tract can be thought of as a tube that runs from the mouth to the anus. Along that tube are various structures that contribute to nutrient intake

   • Mouth
   • Stomach
   • Small intestine Large intestine
   • Anus

2. NON RUMINANTS

   • Monogastrics
     • Are the animals that have a simple stomach, with a medium storage capacity . The use their teeth to aid in the prehension and initial mechanical breakdown of feedstuffs before it is swallowed to the stomach. Humans, pigs, and carnivores have monogastric digestive systems.
       • Pigs
       • Rabbit
       • Horse

3. NON RUMINANT

   • Herbivores
     • In contranst to monogastrics, hindgut fermenters have an enlarged.
       • THE CECUM
         • In all animals, is a pouch off of the large intestine where the small and large intestines meet. It contains a microbial population in most animals, and one that is significantly larger in hindgut fermenters to aid in the digestion of feed stuffs. Hindgut fermenters spend a longer time chewing feed than monogastric animals. Their stomach is comparatively small ; its main function ( in all animals ) is to regulate flow of materials into the small intestine...
     • Zebra
       • Hippopotamus
         • Kangaroo

4. AVIAN

   • Birds are classified as having a monogastric digestive system, though there are some substantial differences when compared to other monogastric animals. birds just have a beak which they use to peck or grab and take in feed material.
     • Hen
       • From the proventriculus, feed enters the gizzard (ventriculus ) of the bird. This is a thick, muscular organ with internal ridges that undergoes rhythmic contractions that grinds the food into a paste.

5. RUMINANTS

   • Ruminants have no upper incisor teeth. Insteadthey rely on lower incisors and upper dental pad in conjuction with their lips and tongue to grasp food.
     • The rumen typically has two layers: a lower liquid layer where finer particles are suspended and a drier upper layer of coarser solid material ( this layer is sometimes called the ruminal mat ). During rumination, feed material located in the reticulum near the esophageal opening is pulled into the esophagus and sent by contractions of the esophagus back up to the mouth.
       • Once back in the mouth, any liquid is quickly swallowed again, but the coarser feed material is thoroughly chewed before being returned to the rumen for the next phase of digestion.

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