Metabolic integration

Metabolic integration

1. Proteins

   • Peptidases
     • Amino acids
       • Small intestine
         • Portal circulation
           • Liver
             • Amino acids
               • non-protein nitrogenous derivatives
                 • pyrimidines, purines
               • Transamination
                 • Ketone bodies
                 • Amino nitrogen in glutamate
                   • Deamination
                     • NH3
                       • Urea
                         • Kidney
                 • Acetyl CoA
         • Gllutamine
           • Energy

2. Carbohydres

   • amylase, amylopectin, disaccharidases
     • monosaccharides, disaccharides
       • Glucose, galactose
         • SGLT1
       • Fructose
         • GLUT5
           • Enterocytes
             • Portal circulation
               • GLUT2 non-insulin dependent transporter
                 • Liver citoplasm
                   • Glycogenesis
                     • Glycogen
                       • Glycogenolysis
                         • Glucose
                           • Glycolisis
                             • Triose phosphate
                               • Piruvate
                                 • Amino acids
                                   • Proteins
                                 • Mitochondria
                                   • Oxalacetate
                                     • Glucose
                                   • Acetyl CoA
                                     • Liver
                                       • Ketone bodies
                                     • Cholesterol
                                       • Steroid hormones
                                     • Lipogenesis
                                       • Fatty acids
                                         • Esterification
                                           • Triacylglycerol
                                             • B-Oxidation
                                         • Lipolisis
                                         • B-oxidation
                                     • Citric acid cycle
                                       • Amino acids
                                         • Alanine
                                           • Glucose
                                     • Lipolisis
                               • Pentose phosphate pathway
                                 • NADPH
                                   • Ribose
                                     • Nucleic acids
                                   • Lipogenesis
                               • Lactate
                           • Non-insulin dependent transporters
                             • GLUT3
                               • Brain
                             • GLUT1
                               • Erythrocyte citoplasm
                                 • Lactate
               • GLUT4 insulin dependent transporter
                 • Skeletal muscle citoplasm
                   • Glycolisis
                   • Lactate
                     • Liver citoplasm
                   • Muscle proteins
                     • Alanine
                       • Glyconeogenesis
                         • Glucose
                   • Glycogenolisis
                   • Glycogenesis
                   • B-Oxidation
                 • Adipose tissue
                   • Lipoprotein lipase
                     • Free fattyd acids
                       • Liver
                         • Ketonic bodies
                     • Glycerol
                       • Glyconeogenesis
                         • Glucose
                 • Heart
                   • Glucose
                     • Lactate and pyruvate
                   • Fatty acids

3. Lipids

   • Lipases
     • Fatty acids
       • Micelles
         • Small intestine
           • Chylomicrons
             • Lymphatic vessels
               • Blood vessels
                 • Adipose tissue
                 • Skeletal muscle citoplasm

4. Ghrelin

   • Stimulates appetite
     • problems with ghrelin and leptin
       • Obesity

5. Leptin and insulin

   • Inhibit the appetite
   • Insulin problems
     • Mellitus diabetes type 2
       • Insulin resistance
     • Mellitus diabetes type 1
       • Destruction of pancreas's beta cells
     • Obesity

6. Fast

   • Glucagon
     • Liver
       • Ketone bodies
         • Brain
           • Glucose
         • Heart
       • Glycogen
         • Glycogenolisis
           • Glucosa
     • Skeletal muscle
       • Alanine- amino acids
         • Gllyconeogenesis
           • Starvation
             • structural protein degradation
               • Dead
     • Adipose tissue
       • B-oxidation and lipolisis
         • Fatty acids
           • Skeletal muscle and heart
         • Glycerol
           • Glyconeogenesis
   • Adrenalin
     • Adipose tissue

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