Differences between Chemical and Physical properties of matter By: Natalia Acosta and Andrea Charbonier

Differences between Chemical and Physical properties of matter By: Natalia Acosta and Andrea Charbonier

1. Physical properties of matter

   • Physical properties are properties that can be measured or observed without changing the chemical nature of the substance.
   • Characteristics
     • Color Density Volume Mass Boiling point Melting point
     • Types of physical properties of matter
       • There are two types of physical properties: Intensive physical properties and Extensive physical properties. 
       • Intensive
         • intensive property is any characteristic of matter that does not depend on the amount of the substance present. Intensive properties, such as density and color, do not depend on the amount of matter. 
         • Elasticity
           • tendency of a material to return to its former shape
           • boiling point
             • temperature where a liquid forms vapor
             • electrical conductivity
               • a material's ability to conduct electricity
               • melting point
                 • thermal conductivity
       • Extensive
         • extensive property is any characteristic of matter that depends on the amount of matter being measured. Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter that is being measured. 
         • Area
           • amount of a two dimensional surface in a plane
           • lenght
             • longest dimension of an object
             • volume
               • space that a substance occupies
       • Important facts
         • Both extensive and intensive properties are physical properties, which means they can be measured without changing the substance’s chemical identity.
           • When you increase or decrease the amount of matter, the extensive physical properties change.
             • Extensive physical properties change depending on how much of the object there is. For example, a small rock weighs less than a large rock.
               • Intensive physical properties do not depend on how much of the object there is. For example, a small rock will be just as hard as a large rock.
     • Volume
       • Mass
         • Density
           • color
             • shape
           • texture
             • temperature
               • flavor
                 • hardness
                   • sound
                   • luster
                     • magnetic attraction
   • Important facts
     • Examples
       • The freezing point of a substance, for example the ice cube that is water at its freezing point.
         • For example, the freezing point of a substance is a physical property: when water freezes, it’s still water (H2O)—it’s just in a different physical state.
       • ductility - the ability of a substance to be stretched into a wire Most metals are good examples of ductile materials, including gold, silver, copper, erbium, terbium, and samarium.
         • Malleability is a material's ability to form thin sheets under pressure by hammering or rolling. Examples of malleable metals are gold, iron, aluminium, copper, silver and lead.
     • Can be measured without changing the identity of a substance
       • A physical property is a property, quality or way that an object is.
         • A physical property can always be measured without changing or making the object chemically different or different in a way that would effect its chemical or atomic structure.

2. Chemical properties of matter

   • is a characteristic of a particular substance that can be observed in a chemical reaction. 
   • Types of chemicals properties of matter
     • Reactivity with substances such as oxygen, water and acids
       • Toxicity
         • is how dangerous a chemical is to your health, a particular organ, another organism, or to the environment. 
         • Flammability
           • is a measure of how readily a sample ignites or how well it can sustain a combustion reaction. 
           • Coordination number
             • the coordination number describes the number of neighbor atoms with respect to a central atom
             • Oxidation states
               • It is a measure of the loss of electrons or oxidation of an atom in a compound. 
               • Chemical stability
                 • is also known as thermodynamic stability. It occurs when a substance is at chemical equilibrium in its environment, which is its lowest energy state. 
     • Important facts
       • Flammability is the ability of a substance to burn
         • Reactivity is the ability of a substance to interact with another substance and form one or more new substances
           • is how dangerous a chemical is to your health, a particular organ, another organism, or to the environment.
   • Important facts
     • Chemical properties are properties that can be measured by changing the chemical composition of a substance
       • Do not depende on the amount of the substance
         • Have a direct relationship to chemical bonds
           • Chemical properties can be measured only by changing a substance’s chemical identity.
   • Examples
     • A banana turning brown is a chemical change as new, darker (and less tasty) substances form.
       • During the combustion of a match, cellulose in the match and oxygen from the air undergo a chemical change to form carbon dioxide and water vapor.
         • potassium is very reactive, even with water. When a pea-sized piece of potassium is added to a small amount of water, it reacts explosively.
   • characteristics
     • The ability to rust
       • The ability to ripen
     • Important facts
       • The ability to rust is a chemical property of iron
         • The silver gets darker because tarnish forms on its surface

3. The difference between physical and chemical properties is that a physical property can be observed without changing the identity of a substance and a chemical property can be observed only by changing the identity of a substance

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