Rapid Urbanisation

Problems
1. Water Pollution
  1. Shanghai; Huangpu River
    1. Because of the Construction Boom
    2. 4 million m3 of untreated waste enters the river daily
    3. Main water supply for Shanghai
  2. India, Ganges River
    1. Water contains many chemicals, sewage and pathogens
    2. Cows wade and excrete in the river
    3. Humans drink from it
2. Air Pollution
  1. Shanghai, China
    1. 30,000 tonnes of waste produced per day
    2. Responsible for 70% of China's carbon emissions
    3. 73% of electricity comes from coal powered plants
3. Waste Disposal
  1. India, E-Waste
    1. 4.5 million new computers built a year
    2. Poor people make a living obtaining metals from the computer parts
    3. Many toxic chemicals are found in these parts, lead + cadmium
Solutions
1. Water Pollution
  1. India, Ganges River
    1. 1986 Ganga Action plan introduced water treatment works on the Ganges
  2. Shanghai
    1. Huangpu and Suzhou Rivers targeted for treatment
    2. $200 million given to finance this in 2002
2. Air Pollution
  1. Shanghai
    1. Industries use low-sulphur coal
    2. TNCs are monitored to ensure reduced carbon emissions
    3. Carbon tax in place
  2. Other schemes
    1. Congestion Charge e.g. London + Mexico city
    2. Use of cleaner alternate sources of energy
3. Waste Disposal
  1. Shanghai
    1. Each home has a waste disposal unit
    2. Uses waste as fertiliser in local rural areas
  2. Sao Paolo
    1. 2 large incinerators
  3. Poor Countries
    1. Food waste fed to animals
    2. Recycling schemes, tyres made into sandals

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Rapid Urbanisation

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