Mindmap

Shoulder

abdullah Alzubidi Englisch

Inhalt der Mindmap

Shoulder

anatomy
- scapula
- humerus
- joints
- ligament
- muscles
physiology
- a synovial ball and socket joint the most mobile joint yet least stable
- stability
  - rotator cuff muscles
    - supraspinatus
    - infraspinatus
    - teres minor
    - subscapularis
  - glenoid labrum
  - ligaments
    - coracohumeral
    - glenohumeral (upper, middle, lower)
    - fibrous capsule
  - biceps tendon
- movements
  - abduction
    - supraspinatus, lateral deltoid, trapezius and serratus anterior
  - adduction
    - pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major
  - flexion
    - pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis
  - extension
    - posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major
  - internal rotation
    - subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, anterior deltoid
  - external rotation
    - infraspinatus, teres minor
Shoulder impingement
- symptoms
  - Pain, stiffness
  - Sudden pain when reaching up
  - Increased joint laxity
  - decreased strength
- treatment
  - Stretches that Help Treat and Prevent
    - Pec Major Stretch
    - Shoulder External Rotators / Lats Stretch
    - Thoracic Spine Mobility
  - Applying ice
  - anti-inflammatory medications
  - REST
  - Physical therapy
  - steroid injections
  - Surgery
  - Electrotherapeutic modalities
    - machines that physiotherapist use for the purpose to achieve pain relief and healing
      - By increasing the level of energy’s in the body
        source of energy’s
        Electricity
        Thermal energy
        Electromagnetic field
        Light waves
        Laser
- If left untreated
  - Rotator cuff tears
  - Adhesive capsulitis
  - Bursitis
- a condition where swimmers aggravate their shoulders while they swim due to the constant joint rotation.
Physical Examination
- Introduction & Rapport
- Local Inspection
  - Symmetry
  - Shape
  - Position
  - Skin
  - Muscles
  - bones
- Palpation
  - Skin (temperature)
  - Muscles (for tenderness and atrophy)
  - Joint and Bones surface landmarks
  - distal pulse (Radial)
- movements
  - active
    - circumduction
  - passive
    - no circumduction
- special tests
  - Impingement
    - neer
    - hawkins
  - Apprehension
  - Apley’s scratch
Pain-relieving Medications
- Non-opioid painkillers :
  - Act on opioid receptors – prescription needed –
- Opioid
  - Act on opioid receptors – prescription needed
- Anti-inflammatory
  - inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) – prescription , Over the counter
- Compound
  - two or more painkillers - prescription , Over the counter
stages of recovery from a sport injury
Psychology of pain