SPACE AND VOLUME

SPACE AND VOLUME

1. PROXIMITY AND DISTANCE

   • Different sizes
     • We put the bigger figures in the bottom part of the picture. We put the smaller figures further away.
   • Superimposition or overlapping
     • When two or more flat figures are superimposed, the ones on top are positioned in front and closer to the viewer.
   • Transparency
     • Transparency is a variant of the superimposition criterion. In it, the figures behind are seen in a veiled way through the ones in front; it is as if they were transparent
   • Contrast
     • Warm colours give a sense of proximity, while cool colours give a sense of depth and distance. Forms represented with clear outlines and details seem closer, while forms that are further away appear less defined.

2. CHIAROSCURO

   • Drawings based simply on lines cannot sufficiently establish the volume of repre- sented objects. Artists often use the chiaroscuro and shading technique to define these figures. Chiaroscuro plays the same visual game as light and shadow. This contrast allows observers to perceive relief in a drawing. Light sources are either natural or artificial. Tones distribute shadows in drawings. Brightness determines the tone value, making the idea of colour seem abstract. This value indicates its situation in greyscale between white and black. THey occupy four zones: highlight, half-coloured or middle tone area, shadow and reflection.

3. CREATIVE PROCESS

   • Chronological order of phases to follow that define how we apply our creativity, generate ideas for pieces of art, accomplish an objective or find a solution to a problem. Phases: preparation, conversion of information into ideas, evaluation and production.

4. TECHNIQUES

   • Pencils
     • Are the most widely used drawing instruments. Lead receives a code when manufactured that determines its hardness level. Soft lead has the letter B while H refers to hard lead. A number in front indicates a higher or lower level of hardness. Intermediate leads between these two use the letters HB or F.
   • Charcoal
     • Is a small bar of vegetable coal. Artists can use it to make intense strokes, stripes and smudges quicker than a pencil. Charcoal provides a direct shadow effect when used with the smudger and eraser. It needs paper with a thicker grain than for pencils, such as Ingres, because its surface absorbs better and permits blurring of these fine bits of coal. A charcoal composition requires sketching or drawing during the first phase. Using light lines to represent the figures, the artist may erase them if necessary. Once the artist makes the composition structure, the finishing phase begins with lines and smudges.
   • Coloured pencils
     • Are similar to graphite ones but they contain co- loured leads. Their colours vary and consist of coloured pigments glued together with wax. Children's drawings are typically associ- ated with this technique because it is so affordable and practical. However, coloured pencils can produce surprising results when used appropriately.
   • Pastels and wax crayons
     • Are dried paints glued together with a similar liquid as charcoal. Artists apply a certain degree of pressure when using them on thick, coloured paper. You can even blur them with your fingers or a smudger. Steps: Sketch the pattern with a pencil or a neutral coloured stick, define the figures and outlines, draw the different elements with suitable colours and identify the most intense shadow zone and use the corresponding tone to convey this on paper

5. ENGRAVING

   • Stamp obtained from printing a mould. Specific parts of this engraving can hold ink. This serves to define the represented shapes. Print engrav- ings use lines created with the chiaroscuro technique. Some examples of them are etching, drypoint or the burin. Types: Relief printing, hole printing, planographic printing and screen printing

6. COLLAGE

   • Collage is a new creative form that allows us to unleash our imagination and creativity. Before making a composition, we create a design, bring together all elements and materials chosen for the piece and distribute them on a flat space in a certain order. Forms: paper and cardboard and solid materials

7. Sketches

   • Is the shape and proportions with very few lines. It will build the drawing by connecting and comparing elements together as part of the same composition collectively versus individually. Being unfinished is the ultimate charm of sketches. Its characteristics include: Express an idea through sketches that directly reproduce the real or imagined image of the author with a few strokes. Characteristics: use of essential strokes and express the entire piece and suggest the result to the observer.

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap