SPACE AND VOLUME, PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES

SPACE AND VOLUME, PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES

1. Drawing techniques

   • Pencils
     • The most widely used drawing instruments. Is a tube with graphite and wood around
     • Lead receives a code that determines its hardness level
       • Soft lead has the letter B
         • feels dry and rough.
       • H refers to hard lead.
         • feels dry and rough.
   • Charcoal
     • small bar of vegetable coa
       • to make intense strokes, stripes and smudges quicker than a pencil
         • Begins with lines and smudges. These marks are set with a few touches, either with the finger or with a smudger, and they will dote the drawing with relief or a sense of volume
         • provides a direct shadow effect when used with the smudger and eraser
         • A charcoal composition requires sketching or drawing during the first phase.
         • In many cases, the artist can extend this powder with his or her fingertips or a tool called a smudger.

2. Relations of proximity and distance between flat forms

   • Transparency
     • a variant of the superimposition criterion
     • In it, the figures behind are seen in a veiled way through the ones in front
   • To organise space correctly and to create a sense of depth in artistic representation
   • Different sizes
     • we put the bigger figures in the bottom part of the picture and the smaller figures further away.
   • Superposition of overlapping
     • Two or more flat figures are superimposed
       • The ones on top are positioned in front and closer to the viewer
   • Constrast
     • To create a sense of depth
       • In colours
         • By combining colours in a certain way, we can create the effects of depth, proximity or distance.
         • Warm colours
           • sense of proximity
         • cool colours
           • sense of depth and distance.
   • Definition of forms
     • with clear outlines and details seem closer
     • further away appear less defined

3. Colour and painting techniques

   • Coloured pencils
     • similar to graphite ones but they contain co- loured leads.
     • coloured pencils can produce surprising results when used appropriately.
     • Recommendations
       • more resistant paper is essential
       • Keep a close rela- tionship between the coloured lead and the paper grain.
       • Do not press hard or use an object like a point chisel on the drawing.
   • Pastels and wax crayons
     • Using the wax crayon diagonally helps us obtain clean strokes and fine lines suitable for outlines.

4. Chiaroscuro

   • technique to define the figures
     • plays the same visual game as light and shadow
     • to perceive relief in a drawing
     • Light sources are either natural or artificial.
       • Rays of sunlight, considered parallel, form a cylindrical beam. while artificial light comes from a single point and has a beam shaped like a cone.
   • Light is either direct or reflected Shadows are either form or cast
     • Shadows are either form or cast
       • Tones distribute shadows in drawings. Brightness determines the tone value, making the idea of colour seem abstract. This value indicates its situation in greyscale between white and black.
       • Highlight area
       • Middle tone area: intermediate values between light and shad
       • Shadow: areas that do not receive light
       • Reflection: shadowed parts with indirect light

5. Engraving

   • An engraving is a stamp obtained from printing a mould
     • Types
       • Relief printing
       • Hole printing
       • Planographic printing
       • Screen printing
   • Specific parts of this engraving can hold ink.

6. collage

   • Different pieces of material glued onto a surface form a composition called a collage.
   • Procedure to create a collage
     • bring together all elements and materials chosen for the piece and distribute them on a flat space in a certain order
       • Form
         • Paper and cardboard
           • Wet or wrinkled, black and white or coloured, painted or decorated with pencils, charcoals, watercolours (watery or acrylic), newspapers, posters, brochures, programmes
         • Solid materials
           • Pieces of wood, fabrics, metals...

7. The creative process

   • the chronological order of phases to follow that define how we apply our creativity
     • Steps
       • Preparation
         • s establishing a creative objective and choosing which medium to use to develop the process.
       • Conversion of information into ideas
         • e complex, labour-intensive tasks of manipulating, experimenting, brainstorming and finding alternatives to the proposed objective
       • Evaluation.
         • Once the creator has many ideas, he or she must evaluate which ones are the best.
       • Production
         • The artist must carry out the final idea during this phase of the creative process
     • Sketches and rough sketches
       • Sketch defines the shape and proportions with very few lines.
         • Characteristics
           • Express an idea through sketches that directly reproduce the real or imagined image of the author with a few strokes.
           • Use of essential strokes that express the entire piece and suggest the result to the observer.

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap