3 Approaches To Arguments

3 Approaches To Arguments

1. Classical Approach

   • Greek Philosopher that persuaded his audience through ethos (beliefs), pathos (creates sadness) & logos (opinion) appeals
     • Introduction - captures audience
       • Statement of Fact - Clarifys important terms and conditions
         • Propositon - central purpose with supportive points
           • Refutaion - Summarize and point out faulty reasoning
           • Conclusion - summarize important points
         • Substantiation & Proof - use ethos, pathos & logos to support your argument

2. Toumlin Approach

   • Claim - the statement you are asking
     • Grounds - basis, persuastion, & reasoning
       • Warrant - links data and makes it relevant
         • Backing - supports the warrant
       • Qualifier - strength from the data to the warrant
     • Rebuttal - counter argument
   • Practical arguments with moral reasoning
   • 3 Agrgurments
     • Rogerian

3. Rogerian Approach

   • Find the common ground
     • non-confrontational, democratic & comprimising
     • Neutral statement that clarifies your opponents position
       • Neutral statement of your position
         • Analysis - state both positions & what they have in common
           • Proposal - resolve the issues of both parties
   • introduction - which is defining