NANOTECHNOLOGY AND NEW MATERIALS

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND NEW MATERIALS

1. CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY

   • Some of the best-known classes of nanoparticles are:
     • NP BASED ON CARBON
     • NP METALIC
     • NP CERAMICS
     • NP SEMICONDUCTORS
     • NP POLYMERIC
     • NP BASED ON LIPIDS

2. ALLTROPIC FORMS OF CARBON

   • CARBON
     • Is the fourth most abundant element in the universe, as well as in the Earth's crust.
       • Carbon allotropes are the different physical forms in which carbon atoms can be arranged and linked.
     • crystalline allotrope atoms have a repetitive pattern
     • amorphous allotrope carbon atoms are arranged in a disorderly manner Diamond and graphite are classified as crystalline.

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOMATERIALS

   • Are compounds having sizes less than 1 um in at least one dimension and are often restricted in size from I to 100 nm. This range constitutes the nanoscale or nanometric scale
     • Structural Characteristics
       • Physical properties. These include size, form, specific surface and ratio between width and height.
       • Optic properties. Some nanomaterials absorb light in a variable range of wavelengths, depending on the size and the shape of the nanoparticles in suspension.
       • Chemical properties. molecular structure, composition and chemical purity of the surface of the aggregate, and behavior in the presence of water molecules or oils.
       • Magnetic properties. Nanoparticles with magnetic properties are iron, nickel, and cobalt.

4. APLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

   • Materials and Processes for daily use
     • Through nanotechnology, it has been possible to obtain more resistant, lightweight, durable materials, with better reactivity and conductivity, among many other properties.
   • Electronics
     • Nanoelectronics develops components or circuits at nanoscale that can be used in a simple and easy way. The primary objective of nanocomponents is minimize electricity consumption.
   • Medicine and health
     • The European Agency for Medications defines nanomedicine as: "The application of nanotechnology for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease; the above through the use of improved Biological or chemical properties of new materials.
   • Energy
     • Fossil fuels are the most used energy sources in the present world; however, they are non-renewable sources of energy causing the emission of greenhouse gases that generates global warming,
   • Environment
     • The environmental damage that humans have caused to the Earth is enormous and continues to increase, so the development of methods to remediate the discharge of pollutants into the environment is now preponderant.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF NANOMATERIALS

   • Origin
   • Dimensionality
   • Chemical Composition

6. BENEFITS AND RISKS OF ITS APPLICATIONS

   • BENEFITS
     • are felt many fields, ranging from material science to electronics and from computing to medicine The benefits of nanotechnology in several fields of research have been described in each of the previous sections, and applications in lubricants could be developed in the medium term, as well as implants and water purification.
   • RISKS
     • the risks of their applications focuses only on two aspects: throughout the manufacturing process of nanoparticles and nanofibers, and during the end use of the products, which could bring risks to health and the environment.