Statistics.

Statistics.

1. Statistics.

   • The branch of mathematics that deals with the analysis, interpretation and presentation of numerical data.
   • Inference.
     • Process of obtaining information or drawing conclusions from raw data.
   • Tests.
     • Are methods for making inferences, which is revealing patterns from the observations in nature, society or real life.

2. Coding.

   • Assigning numbers to the observed or registered modalities of variables that constitute the database.
   • Means the transformation of data into a form understandable by computer software or manageable by the scientists using mathematical models.

3. Codification.

   • Steps.
     • 1. Assign codes to everything.
     • 4. Save in a permanent archive.
     • 3. Do the physical codification, or change responses into numbers.
     • 2. Elaborate a codebook.
   • Convert the data obtained into numbers.
   • Approaches.
     • Quantitative.
       • Data is coded into measured and recorded as nominal or ordinal variables.
     • Qualitative.
       • Format is preferential.

4. Validity.

   • The grade in which an instrument really measures the variable that pretends to measure.

5. Reliability.

   • An instrument produces similar or compatible results in different clinical experiments or statistical tests, to be precisely is the repetition or consistence inherent to an experiment.

6. Variability.

   • Indicates the data dispersion in measurement scale.

7. Standard deviation.

   • The average deviation of punctuations with respect to the mean, or measures how far from the average the data is spread.

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