Types of solutions

Types of solutions

1. What is a solution?

   • Is an homogenous mixture which mainly comprises two components namely solute and solvent.
     • For example, salt and sugar is a good illustration of a solution. A solution can be categorized into several components.

2. Different Types of Solutions

   • Depending upon the dissolution of the solute in the solvent, solutions can be categorized into supersaturated solution, unsaturated and saturated solutions.
     • Supersaturated solution
       • Comprises a large amount of solute at a temperature wherein it will be reduced, as a result the extra solute will crystallize quickly.
       • Unsaturated solution
         • Is a solution in which a solvent is capable of dissolving any more solute at a given temperature.
           • Examples
         • Saturated solution
           • Can be defined as a solution in which a solvent is not capable of dissolving any more solute at a given temperature.
   • The solutions are of two forms, depending on whether the solvent is water or not.
     • Aqueous solution
       • Is one in which the solvent is liquid water. That is, solute (dissolved) ions and molecules are surrounded by water molecules and incorporated into the network of bonds within the water.
         • Examples of aqueous solutions are cola, saltwater, rain, acid solutions, base solutions, and salt solutions. Also salt in water, sugar in water and copper sulfate in water.
       • Non-aqueous solution
         • When a solute is dissolved in a solvent other than water, it is called a non-aqueous solution.
           • Examples of non-aqueous solutions are solutions used in dry cleaning (a solution of ethene in the solvent dichloromethane).
   • Homogeneous Solutions
     • Homogeneous solutions are solutions with uniform composition and properties throughout the solution
       • For example a cup of coffee, perfume, cough syrup, a solution of salt or sugar in water, etc.
   • Heterogeneous Solutions
     • Heterogeneous solutions are solutions with non-uniform composition and properties throughout the solution.
       • Examples: a solution of oil and water, water and chalk powder and solution of water and sand, etc.
     • Example

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