Biological Oxidation and Hydrogen Transfer Systems

Oxidation: may or may not involve molecular oxygen.
1. removal of an electron from a metal
  1. Fe2+ -> Fe3+ + e-
2. removal of electrons plus protons from a hydrogenated compound
  1. AH2 -> A + 2e- + 2H+
  2. electrons must be transferred to an electron acceptor
NAD+
1. initial electron acceptor
2. full name: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
  1. bases are adenine and nicotinamide
    1. oxidation and reduction is undertaken by nicotinamide
3. base-sugar-phosphate-phosphate-sugar-base
4. can accept two electrons plus a protein as a hydride ion
5. co-enzyme for a number of dehydrogenases
FAD and FMN
1. also electrons carriers
2. FAD = flavin adenine dinucleotide
3. FAD is permanently attached to its proenzyme - it is a prosthetic group.
Main phases of glucose oxidation
1. oxidation of glucose = delta G of 2820 kJ mol
  1. oxidation results in 30 ATP being produced
  2. fiirst phase = glycolysis where two C3 fragments are produced.
2. second phase = C3 fragments are oxidised to carbon dioxide and water
3. third phase = energy from re-oxidation of reduced carries is used to generate ATP

Zusammenfassung der Ressource

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