Academic reading and writing

Academic reading and writing

1. UNIT 1. ACADEMIC READING AND WRITING ESSAYS

   • Difference between Conversational and Academic Language
     • Conersational
       • Social language is the simple, informal, used for daily conversations when talking face to face with family members and friends
     • Academic Language
       • It is very formal,  with more sophisticated vocabulary and expressions. Also, it is used in academic and professional environments.
   • Types of academic essays
     • Descriptive essay
     • Comparison-contrast essay
     • Cause-effect essay
     • Classification essay
     • Argumentative essay
   • Strategies for organizing and writing academic essays
     • 1. choose a topic
     • 2. Brainstrom
     • 3. Outline
     • 4. Write the first draft
     • 5. Get feedback form a peer
     • 6. Revise the first draft
     • 7. Proofread the final draft
   • Assignment question
     • Assignment questions are orders or guidelines that you need to carry out to develop a task correctly.
       • It has:
         • Task words: they are usually verbs that tell you what you need to do.
         • Content words: they give the required area or topic that you need to concentrate on.
         • Limit words: they are the ones that provide the specific aspects of the topic that you need to focus on.

2. UNIT 2. PLAGIARISM AND HOW TO AVOID IT.

   • Citation Styles
     • APA (The American Psychological Association)
       • It is used in psychology and social sciences.
       • In-text citation
       • References
     • Chicago
       • It is used in humanities and science fields.
     • MLA (Modern Language Association)
       • It is used for research investigation and academics in the humanities.
     • CSE (Council of Science Editors)
       • It is used in the physical, life, and mathematics sciences
   • Plagiarism
     • According to the University of Oxford (2020) Plagiarism implies using other people´s ideas, works, or words without providing acknowledgment, making them look as your “own”, either totally or partially.
       • How to avoid plagiarism.
         • Be aware of the different types of plagiarism
         • Cite and reference sources correctly
         • Use quotation, paraphrasing and summarizing
       • Plagiarism and Ethics
         • Commit plagiarism is using another person's work. Therefore, it is important to recognize the effort that the person make in order to write any kind of article, so you should be ethic and value the effort of the writer.
       • Types of plagiarism
         • Copy-paste
         • Verbatim
         • Collusion
         • Auto or self-plagiarism
         • Cloning
         • Mosaic
         • Remix
         • Find and replace

3. UNIT 3. CITING SOURCES

   • In-text citation
     • It is help you to dentify the source of information in the body text
     • Main features
       • It includes only three items: the last name(s) of the author(s), the year the source was published, and sometimes the page or location of the information.
       • Narrative: One author: Songor (2015);two authors Songor and Román (2018);three authors Songor et. al. (2019)
         • It need to use reporting verbs:
           • Neutral verbs: say,discuss, explain, etc.
           • Persuasion verbs: argue, claim,suggest,etc.
       • Parenthetical: One author: (Songor,2015); two authors (Songor & Román, 2018);three authors (Songor et al., 2019)
       • Secondary sources: Ochoa (2011) cited Songor (2020) who states that... Or Songor (2019, as cited in Román 2016)….
   • References
     • It is a list that includes a completed citation at the end of the paper.
     • Main features
       • It is listed in alphabetical order by the author's last name.
       • It includes the name of the author(s), the year the source was published, the full title of the source, and the URL or page range.
       • Every source(book, video, journal, magazien,thesis, podcast, etc...) have a certain format
         • Magazine or Scholarly Journal Article-Internet:
           • Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (year of publication). Article Title. Magazine/Scholarly Journal Title(in italics).Volume (issue number) if available, Pages. DOI or Article URL
         • Book-printed
           • Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (year of publication).Title (in italics). Publisher name.