Material & Cultural Deprivation

Cultural
1. Keddie ('73)
  1. Cultural deprivation is a 'myth'.
    1. Blames the victim - Culturally different, not deprived - The school system fails in recognising & nurturing W/C values
2. Troyna & Williams ('86)
  1. Teachers have a 'speech hierarchy'
    1. MIDDLE CLASS SPEECH
    2. WORKING CLASS SPEECH
    3. BLACK SPEECH
3. W/C parents fail to socialise their children to an adequate standard and that makes them 'culturally deprived'.
  1. Bereiter & Englemann ('66): W/C use gestures, single word answers & disjointed phrases in speech - underdeveloped skills
    1. THE RESTRICTED CODE
      1. W/C people with limited vocabulary. Grammatically simple. Descriptive not analytic. Context bound.
      2. W/C feel excluded from a young age because they might speak differently - accents e.g. Posh London, common Essex.
    2. THE ELABORATED CODE
      1. M/C people with a wider vocabulary. Grammatically more complex. Analytic descriptions. Not context bound.
        Used by teachers/exams/books
4. Statistical correlation: is cannot prove that deprivation is THE cause for underachievement. Other factors such as lifestyle must be considered.
5. 87% of children who do not recieve FSM are all lumped together, even though they range from super-rich to people just above the poverty line
Material
1. Poverty & lack of material necessities is a better explanation of why lower social classes underachieve and not values, attitudes and culture.
2. In 2006 33% of children recieving FSM gained 5 or more A*-C grades. 61% of non-FSM pupils achieved the same.
3. OVERCROWDING
4. TEMPORARY ACCOMODATION
5. HEALTH
  1. Emotional & behavioural problems occur more in materially deprived students
    1. ADHD Levels are higher in lower classes
    2. Howard ('01): Poor food & lack of vitamins = Poor immune system
    3. Enter text here
6. SAFE AREAS TO PLAY
  1. THESE ALL AFFECT EDUCATION
WORKING CLASS
1. FATALISM:everything happens for a reason.
  1. IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION: being rewarded immediately, not thinking of the long term outcome.
  2. COLLECTIVISM: giving appreciation to a group not just an indiividual
2. 20% of those eligible for FSM don't use their entitlement because they feel they'll get bullied or be forced into certain social groups
OPERATION HEAD START 1960's
1. US Citizens could get: Parenting Classes, Nursery Classes, entitlement to Health Visitors and the role out of Sesame Street
  1. UK ROLES OUT SURE START IN 2000

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Material & Cultural Deprivation

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