Language Fundamentals

Language Fundamentals

1. Encoding sets

2. Primitives

   • byte, short, int, long, float, double, (and boolean)
     • represent numbers

3. Variables

   • reference and primitive types
     • the identifier must not be a key word like boolean or null

4. Constants

   • you declare by using the keyword: final

5. Literals

   • assigning values to our variables
     • three types: primitive types, string literals, and null literal
       • four subtypes: integer literals, floating-point literals, character literals, and boolean literals
         • integer literals: written in decimal, octal, or hexidecimal
           • octal ex of 567: 0567
         • floating-point literals: float or double
         • boolean literals: true or false
         • character literals: enclosed in single quotes ex: 'a'
           • has escape sequences ex: '\"' double quote

6. Primitive Conversions

   • conversion of variables from same and different types
   • two kinds widening and narrowing conversions
     • widening: from a type to another type whos is the same or larger than the first like int to long
       • byte to short, int, long, float, or double
         • char to int, long, float, or double
           • and follow the line for the rest of the examples
     • narrowing:from a type to another type whos is smaller than the first
       • short to byte or char
         • char to byte or short
           • int to byte, short or char
             • long to byte, short or char
               • float to byte, short, char, int, or long
                 • double to byte, short, char, int, long, or float

7. Operators

8. Seperators

   • Parentheses(), Braces {}, Brackets[], Angle brackets<>, Semicolon;, Colon:, Comma,, Period.,

9. Sun's Naming Convention for Variables

   • userName, count, firstTimeLogin