Teaching reading and writing

Teaching reading and writing

1. reading is an interactive process

   • is a process of relating written symbols to oral language, of constructing meaning from written forms
     • To be able to read, a child has to:
       • understand the alphabet
       • decode
       • develop sight vocabulary to read fluetly
       • develop strategies to help with comprehension and fluency
       • read texts that match her/his reading level and interest
       • engage in extensive reading
   • when we read, we activate
     • top-down processing (what we know about making meaning)
     • bottom-up (what we know about the language)
     • Approaches to considered for young children
       • Phonics
         • is the bottom-up approach to processing a text. It focuses on the letters. It teaches the relationships between sound a letter.
       • whole language
         • it begins with meaning and thenuses language in context for futher word or lnguage study.
           • it involves Top-down processing, bring knowledge of the word, their experiences with oral language and texts
             • and also bring knowledge of the written language to contructing comprehension of written texts:
               • Grapho-phonemic
               • Semanti
               • Syntatic
               • Pragmatic
       • language experience
         • is an approach that uses learners oral language as the basis of a written story
           • anything that is meaningful to the learners can be the basis for the language experience approach.
     • Effective reading activities
       • activities for beginning and more readers
       • PRE-DURING-POST reading activities
       • Reading strategies

2. learning to read and write in another language is complex and difficult

   • All children go through Five Initial "literacy" to become literate
     • 1-awareness and explorations
     • 2-experimenting reading and writing
     • 3-early reading and writing
     • 4-transitional reading and writing
     • 5-convetional reading and writing
     • LITERACY is the ability to read and write
       • To enhance a early Literacy, we should teach:
         • name and write alphabet letters
         • hear rhymes and sounds in words
         • spell simple words
         • recognize and write their own names
         • listen to stories for meanings

3. Why include it in classes ?

   • The time spent is for oral language activities and reading and writing is done by the teacher
   • 45-60 min a week is not enough time for children to read or write.
   • in large classes is dificult to manage reading.

4. Reading and Writing are very demanding and take time and patien to learn

   • they are extremely important for the child's growing awareness of language and their own growth in the language

5. Writing is a way to communicate something to a real audience.

   • children learn to write through a numbres of stages when they begin to write in english
     • drawing
     • scribbling
     • tracing and writing letters
     • using invented spelling as they attempt to write words
     • Approaches to teach writing
       • 1. A product-based approach focusses on acurracy
         • focuses on the final writing product
         • seeking to create a text as accurate as possible
         • grammar, spelling and even punctuation and capitalization are accurate
         • controlled, Guided and Independent writing activities
       • 2. A process-based approach focuses on fluency
         • encourage children to write and express themselves freely
         • without too much worry about grammar, punctuation until the final stage:
           • Writing Workshop
             • activitie that helps children to become authors with free reading, moving through a series of writing steps until they want to publish it in a class book.