FREE CONSENT (S.14)

FREE CONSENT (S.14)

1. Someone should not be influenced by factors that affect their freedom to consent to contract

   • COERCION (S15)
     • ~ Commit, threaten to commit any act forbidden by the Penal Code.
       • ~ Unlawfully detaining or threaten to detain any property.
         • Effect of coercion: According to S.19 contract voidable
     • e.g: Chin Nam Bee Development Sdn Bhd v Tai Kim Choo & 4 Ors
   • UNDUE INFLUENCE (S.16)
     • ~ Undue influence & proof of dominant position
       • * Dominant position
         • * Unfair advantage
           • * Influence decision
     • ~ Undue influence & presume dominant position
       • * Real / apparent authority
         • * Fiduciary relationship
           • * Mental / bodily distress
     • e.g: Salwath Haneem v Hadjee Abdullah

2. FRAUD (S.17)

   • ~ Not true and not believe to be true
     • ~ Active concealment
       • ~ Promise without intention to keep
         • ~ Any act to deceive
           • ~ Law said it is fraudulent
   • e.g : Weber v Vrown

3. MISREPRESENTATION

   • ~ Positive assertion of fact
     • ~ Breach of duty
       • ~ Causing a person to make mistake
   • (S.18)
   • (S.19)
     • ~ Silence is not misrepresentation
   • e.g: Goh Chooi Leong v Public Life Assurance Co Ltd

4. MISTAKE (S.21)

   • ~ Mistake of fact
     • ~ Mistake of law
       • ~ Unilateral mistake
         • e.g: Golf Cheque Book Sdn Bhd & Anor v Nilai Springs Bhd
     • e.g: Raffles v Wichelhaus - Contract void

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