Alliance Systems

Alliance Systems

1. Dual Alliance 1879

   • Impact on international relations
     • Terms
       • Dual Alliance created conflict between other countries
         • The agreement between Germany and Austria-Hungry signed in October 1879 was directed specifically against Russia. (Agreement of the dual alliance)
           • If either country was attacked by Russia the other would provide full military support
           • If either country was attacked by another country, other than Russia then they would have to observe 'benevolent neutrality'
             • The dual alliance remained in place right up until the first world war
           • The agreement would remain secret between the 2 powers
         • Caused great concern for France and Russia in particular who were aware of the alliance
     • Countries who weren't involved in the alliance would get really angry which had the potential to cause huge conflict. Other countries such as Britain and Italy got really annoyed with the dual alliances taking place, because to them it felt like countries were taking sides against Britain and they were ready to fight in war. Countries were all really suspicious of what was going on with each other, and it would only take something little to spark a war!

2. The triple alliance1882

   • This was about Italy joining Germany and Austria-Hungry, to go against France and Russia
     • Impact on other relations
       • The impact on other relations was simple... With the triple alliance this just made France and Russia become a lot closer as a dual alliance making them less afraid of going to war with Germany, Austria-Hungry and Italy
   • Terms of the triple alliance
     • As well as the existing agreements between Germany and Austria-Hungry, the terms of the triple alliance now recognised France as a likely enemy.
     • Germany and Italy would support each other if attacked by France
     • If Germany, Austria or Italy was attacked by another power, they would give each other mutual support
     • If Austria-Hungry went to war with Russia, Italy would remain neutral
     • As with the dual alliance the triple alliance was kept secret

3. The Franco-Russian Alliance 1894

   • The lapse of the Reinsurance treaties
     • The aftermath of the 1885 revolt in Bulgaria-which Russia forced the abdication of the prince of Bulgaria and threatened to greatly increase its influence over the Balkan state-damaged relations between Russia and Austria too badly for the Driekaiserbund to continue,but Bismark again was determined not to allow Russia to remain potentially hostile to Germany. In 1887 he arranged the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia.
     • Russia should be allowed to be the prevailing influence in the Balkans
     • Both Russia and Germany had to remain neutral if the other became involved in a war
     • If Germany attacked France, or Russia attacked Austria-Hungry then the other country had the right to get involved
   • Terms of the Franco-Russian alliance
     • If France is attacked by Germany or supported by Italy, Russia is allowed to deploy all forces to attack Germany
     • The alliance like the others was completly secret
     • France and Russia shall not conclude peace separately
     • The present convention shall have the same duration as the triple alliance
     • The general staffs of the armies of the two countries shall co-operate with each other at all times in preparation and facilitation of the execution of all the measures