BASIC TOOLS OF QUALITY

BASIC TOOLS OF QUALITY

1. Dispersion diagram

   • De las siete herramientas de calidad, el diagrama de dispersión es el más útil para representar la relación entre dos parámetros, lo cual es ideal para los profesionales de control de calidad que intentan identificar relaciones de causa y efecto. Los valores variables están en el eje Y del diagrama y los valores independientes en el eje X. Cada punto representa un punto de intersección. Cuando se unen, esos puntos pueden resaltar la relación entre los dos parámetros. Cuanto más fuerte sea la correlación en el diagrama, más fuerte será la relación entre los parámetros.

2. STRATIFICATION

   • Stratification analysis is a quality control tool used to classify data, objects, and people into separate and distinct groups. Separating data through stratification can help you determine its meaning and reveal patterns that might otherwise go unnoticed when pooled.

3. HISTOGRAM

   • The histogram can help you clearly and concisely represent the frequency distribution of data between different groups in a sample, allowing you to quickly and easily identify areas for improvement within processes. The structure is similar to that of a bar chart: each bar within a histogram represents a group, and the height of the bar represents the frequency of the data within that group.

4. VERIFICATION SHEET

   • Check sheets can be used to collect quantitative or qualitative data. When used to collect quantitative data, they may be called tally sheets. A check sheet collects data in the form of check marks or tallies that indicate how many times a particular value has occurred, allowing you to quickly zero in on defects or errors within your process or product, defect patterns, and even , the causes of specific defects.

5. Cause and Effect Diagram (Ishikawa or Fishbone Diagram)

   • Presentado por Kaoru Ishikawa, el diagrama de espina de pescado ayuda a los usuarios a identificar los diversos factores (o causas) que conducen a un efecto, generalmente representado como un problema a resolver. Llamada así por su parecido con una espina de pescado, esta herramienta de gestión de calidad funciona definiendo un problema relacionado con la calidad en el lado derecho del diagrama, con causas raíz individuales y subcausas que se ramifican a su izquierda.

6. Pareto chart (80-20 rule)

   • As a quality control tool, the Pareto chart operates according to the 80-20 rule. This rule assumes that, in any given situation, 80% of the problems in a process or system are caused by the top 20% of factors, often referred to as "the vital few." The remaining 20% ​​of problems are caused by the 80% least important factors. The Pareto chart is a combination of a bar and line chart, which represents individual values ​​in descending order using bars, while the running total is represented by the line.

7. Control chart

   • Named after Walter A. Shewhart, this quality improvement tool can help quality improvement professionals determine whether or not a process is stable and predictable, making it easier to identify factors that can lead to variations or defects. Control charts use a center line to represent an average or mean, as well as an upper and lower line to represent control limits based on historical data. By comparing historical data with data collected from your current process, you can determine if your current process is controlled or affected by specific variances.