Ohne Titel

Joints

• form functional connections between bones
  • synarthrodial- Fibrous and immovable
  • amphiarthrodial- cartilaginous and yielding
  • diarthrodial- synovial and movable
    • gliding joints- vertebrae
    • hinge joints - fingers
    • pivot joints- joints between cervical vertebrae 1&2
    • condyloid joints- wrist
    • saddle joints- between malleus and incus
    • ball and socket- hip and shoulder
• altered tissue biology
  • osteoarthritis- erosion of cartilage with joints
  • rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune disease of joints

tendons

• tough, non-elastic
• Associated with MUSCLES
• aponeuroses- broad, flat sheets of tendon

ligaments

• mainly elastic fibres
• membrane
• connect BONE TO BONE or BONE to CARTILAGE to CARTILAGE
• fascia- divides muscle fibres into functional units, varies in thickness and density

Cartilage

• hylaine
  • covers joints
  • tough, semi-rigid
  • poor blood supply
• elastic
  • flexible
  • found in ear, epiglottis
• fibrous
  • dense/tough
  • found in some joints