Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Group Processes
- Social Groups
- Defined by:
- Social roles
- behaviour expectations
for members
- traits can be overtaken by
power of role
- The Stanford Prison Experiment
- People were assigned
to roles of prisoner
and guards
- Normal people can be
dehumanized by the mere
assignment to roles
- Social norms
- group's "laws" on the
behaviours and values of its
members
- if broken, you are punished/rejected
- Group cohesiveness
- Group members - cohesiveness
promotes liking
- Outsiders - cohesiveness
increases stereotyping
- Destructive groups (cults)
- group centred around devotion
to a person/idea/thing that
employs unethical techniques of
manipulation
- has a charismatic leader
- self appointed leaders
- leader is the focus
- state controls everything
- presents itself as innovative and exclusive
- goals are recruiting and fundraising
- Deindividuation
- person loses sense of
him or herself as an
individual in groups
- can occur in crowds, when physically
anonymous or in group chanting
- Social model of deindividuation effect
- Deindividuation effects are a result of:
- a shift from personal to social identity
- decreasing attention to
individual characteristics
- interpersonal differences
in the group
- Social facilitation and
social loafting
- Social loafting
- people perform worse on simple tasks and better on
complex tasks when in a group and not being
evaluated individually
- Social faciliatation
- performance is better when
doing well learned
behaviours in front of others
- performance is worse when
doing difficult/less practised
tasks in front of others
- Created by an interaction
of 3 factors:
- Evaluation
- Arousal
- Task complexity
- how difficult is the task?
- are you aroused or relaxed?
- evaluation apprehension
- concern about what others think of us
- Distraction conflict theory
- in the presence of others, there is a
conflict between attending to others or
attending to the task
- Collective effort model
- individuals will base their effort
on the degree that they think their
efforts will be important
- Group decision making
- Process loss
- reduction in group
performance due to obstacles
created by group performance
- Ex - problems of coordination and motivation
- Brainstorming
- attempts to increase the production of
creative ideas by encouraging members to
speak freely
- Group polarization
- groups tend to make
decisions that are more
extreme than their original
choices
- Group think
- desire for harmony in the
group results in bad decisions
- do not consider other courses of action
- extreme form of group polarization
- antecedents
- highly cohesive
- high stress
- non structured decision making
- symptoms
- illusion of invulnerability
- group is morally correct
- pressure to conform
- illusion of unanimity
- preventing group think
- devil's advocate
- everyone must know
the person was
assigned this role
- impartial leader
- Transactive memory
- shared system for remembering information
- multiple people remember more information