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Migration

1. Internal Migration

   • Mongolia
     • Effect on Migrant
       • easier lifestyle than in rural
         • still very poor
       • live in freezing conditions
         • pay a lot to keep warm
       • infrastructure = terrible
         • sometimes live in rubbish
         • dangerous
       • not used to pollution
         • more vulnerable to diseases
       • no skill other than agriculture
         • have trouble finding a job
       • leave their homes
         • trouble intergrating
     • Reasons
       • Mongolia split into 21 provinces
         • only 4 have cities
           • move to cities for better life
             • jobs
             • better conditions
             • cheap lifestyle + accommodation
       • 80% of Mongolia = above 1000m
         • harsh living conditions
         • cold weather in winter = -30°C
           • Bad for agriculture
       • most of mongolia = dry land
         • for shepherds with herds = needs constant movement
     • Consequences on area left
       • move from rural areas like West and center Mongolia to cities (Ulanbaataar)
       • no more people to support agriculture
       • villages abandoned
       • lose old cultures / traditions
     • Consequences on destination
       • arrive with barely anything = very poor
         • 35 out of 100 people live in poverty
         • settle on outskirts for cheaper accommodation
           • sort of shanty town develops
         • bad infrastructure
           • ugly
           • dangerous
           • sanitation = very poor
             • sanitary + rubbish evacuation = not very efficient
       • most of Mongolia's population lives there
         • unbalanced
         • coldest capital in the world (-30°C)
           • people burn huge amounts of coal to keep warm
             • pollution
               • severe health problems especially in children
         • congestion increases
           • pollution
       • many people for a small city
         • considerable reduction in green spaces
   • Indonesia
     • Reasons
       • overpopulation
         • 60% of the people live on 7% of the land
           • move to peripheral islands
             • les crowded
               • better lifestyle
             • want a more equal distribution
       • free housing + allocations (2 hectares) in new area
       • free equipment, fertilizers + enough food to keep family going until harvest
     • Consequences on left area
       • overall isn't bringing population down
         • population grows by 18% every year
           • 3.2 million people/year
         • 20% of migrants return to the city due to problems in new area
       • less money spent on city since money spent on rural areas
     • Consequences on destination
       • rainforest is being destroyed for the settlers
         • over 120 million hectars
       • soil erosion + soil exhaustion
       • disturb local farmers way of life
         • loss of culture
         • farmers being kicked out to make space for new settlers
     • Effect on Migrant
       • conflict with locals
         • have trouble integrating
       • better lifestyle
         • cheaper lifestyle
       • free allocation, housing, materials
   • USA
     • Effect on Migrant
       • protection + safety in the North because less racism against them
       • trouble getting used to the idea of freedom
       • trouble intergrating in society
       • racism still present = discrimination
         • slavery abolished
           • still persecutions
             • KKK still quite strong
     • Consequences on destination
       • overpopulation
         • less jobs for locals
         • huge cheap labour force arrived
       • conflict
         • racism and persecution against black people
       • people were very poor
         • enlargement of deprived areas
     • Consequences on left area
       • anger because people had no more slaves
         • loss of a huge free agricultural workforce
           • lost a lot of money
           • agriculture took a turn for the worst
       • less conflict between the black and racist whites
       • job opportunities for locals
       • less crowded
         • better lifestyle
     • Reasons
       • Emancipation Proclamation
         • slaves free
         • Coastal states supported the freedom of slaves
           • moved there where they would be accepted
       • racism still present in Southern States
         • moved for protection
       • left the agriculture and went to work in industry
         • many jobs + little money better than no money