Arm

Arm

1. Anatomy

   • muscles
     • anterior
       • Biceps brachii
         • origin:long head from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula & short head from coracoid process. Insertion: radial tuberosity. Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
       • Coraco brachialis
         • origin:coracoid process. Insertion: middle of the medial surface of the humerus. Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
       • Brachialis
         • origin:anterior face of the distal humerus. Insertion :coranoid process. Innervation:musculocutaneous nerve
     • posterior
       • Triceps
         • origin:long head from infraglenoid tubercle,medial head from lower half of posterior surface of shaft of humerus & lateral head from upper half of posterior surface of shaft of humerus. Insertion : olecranon process of ulna. Innervation: radial nerve
   • Bone:humerus
     • Upper end:which articulate with the glenoid cavity of scapula , immediately below the head is anatomic neck , below the neck are the geater and lesser tuberosities, separated from each other by biciptal groove
     • shaft:: about halfway down the lateral aspect of the shaf is a roughened elevation called the deltoid tuberosity . behind and below the tuberosity is spiral groove ,which accomodates the radial nerve
     • lower end:The lower end processes are the medial and lateral epicondyles for attachment of muscles and ligaments , the rounded capitulum for articulation with the head of radius and trochlea for articulation with the trochlear notch of ulna
   • Ligaments
     • glenohumeral ligaments
     • transverse humeral ligament
     • coracoacromial ligament
     • coracohumeral ligament
   • Nerves
     • Anterior Nerves
       • Musculocutaneous Nerve
       • Median Nerve
       • Ulnar & Radial Nerve
     • Posterior Nerve
       • Radial Nerve
       • Ulnar Nerve
   • arteries
     • Brachial Artery
       • Profunda brachii
         • Radial collateral
         • Middle collateral
       • Superior ulnar collateral
       • Inferior ulnar collateral
   • veins
     • cephalic
     • basilic
     • brachial
     • median-cubital

2. Fracture

   • types
     • 1-comminuted
     • 2-greenstick
     • 3-spiral
     • 4-oblique
     • 5-transverse
   • classification
     • open fracture
     • close fracture
   • treatment
     • operative
     • non-operative
       • Splints- back slab
       • Plaster Of Paris
       • Split casts
       • Orthoses
   • healing process
     • 1-Hematoma
     • 2-fibrocartilaginous callus
     • 3-bony callus
     • 4-remodeling
   • Examination
     • physical:including inspection, palpation, movement& special test
     • neurological:Tone,Power, Reflexes,Function,Sensation