Construction technology

Construction technology

1. recent developments in construction

   • improved materials + methods
     • pre-cast materials
     • 3D modelling
     • global positioning system
     • 3D printing
   • partnering and framework agreements
   • project management techniques
   • Quality standards, bench marking, VM, team working, just-in-time, total quality control

2. lean thinking

   • removing all activities that do not add vlaue to the finished product for customers/. cllient.
   • removing waste time and efforts represent the biggest oportuniuty for performance improvement

3. Brick size

   • 20cm x 20cm x40cm
   • 12.5 blocks/m2

4. ratio of materials in concrete mix

   • 1:2:4
     • Cement - fine aggregate - course aggregate

5. considerationd when choosing concrete vs. Steel frame

   • the programme requirements
     • steel is quicker
   • design complexity
     • steel provides greater flexibility
   • Aestetics and client aspirations
   • repetitiveness of design
     • affects temporary works
   • height of building
   • environmental factors
     • conrete can provide thermal massing

6. Concrete Vs. Steel

   • fast construction as most frames are ready made
   • smaller size for smae strenght requirements. light weight of structure
   • concrete frmaes cost more than steel frames
   • more site storage area is required fror steel framed buildings
   • long time to produce steel
   • Advantages of Steel
     • quick to assemble
     • 100% recyclable
     • highest strength to weight ratio
     • vulnerable to termites/ fungal infection
     • dimensionally stable - doesnt expand and contract
     • light steel componants
     • non-combustible - will not spread fire
     • lighter & therefore poor soil conditions will need steel over concrete
   • disadvantages of Steel
     • needs fire protection
     • parts need replacing
     • needs experienced builders
     • steel components can fail in fires
   • Advantages of concrete
     • cost for concrete are slightly less than steel
     • dding can be fixed on it and replaced easily
     • good sound and heat insulation
     • can deal with complex geometry
     • fire protection is apart of the structure
     • in-situ allows alteration at a late stage
     • slower form of construction at this early stage will reduce the cash flow early on
   • disadvantages of concrete
     • more time consuming
     • need for steel reinforcement
     • heavier and needs bigger foundations