Unit B451

Unit B451

1. Key concepts

   • Competence
     • skill
     • apply
     • readiness
   • performance
     • outcomes
   • creativity
     • exploring
       • techniques
     • experimenting
       • tactics
   • healthy active lifestyle
     • understanding
       • between PA + HAL
     • link

2. fundemental motor skills

   • running
     • analysed by technique
       • 100m or 26 M marathon
     • assessed on timing
   • throwing
     • measure distance
     • throw properly avoid injury
   • jumping
     • measured by height/distance
     • style of jump can be assesed
       • gymnastics
   • kicking
     • accuracy
       • distance
   • hitting
     • distance
       • accuracy/teamate

3. decision making in PA

   • different types
     • perfromer
     • participant
       • follow instruction
     • coach
     • official
       • enforce law on sport

4. etiquette/sportsmanship

   • importance of following rules
     • protect all
     • safer
     • fairness
     • enjoyment
   • codes of behaviour
     • to complement
       • rules/regulations of PA
   • examples
     • shake hands
     • show concern for injuries
     • respecting equipment
     • don't swear
     • don't over celcbrate
   • don't question officials

5. components of fitness + HAL

   • stamina
     • to sustain performance
       • more efficient cappilaries
   • muscualr endurance
     • to keep going without rest
       • heart becomes healthier
   • speed
     • ability of body to move quick
       • muscles more efficient
         • more energy available
   • flexibility
     • range of movement
       • around a joint
         • reduce chance injury
           • reach for things easier

6. warm up and cool down

   • warm up
     • prepares body for exercise
     • reduces chance injury
     • increase muscle temp
     • improves muscular contraction
   • cool down
     • remove lactic acid
     • decrease soreness
     • gradually decrease heart rate
     • gradual reduce in body temp

7. characteristics of skill ful movement

   • example of motor skill
     • rugby tackle
   • example of skill performed skillfully
     • sucesful shot in football
   • efficient
     • not making unnecessary movments
       • when dribbling up court
   • predetermined
     • knows what wants to achieve
       • knowing where to hit ball
         • as he shoots hockey
   • co-ordinated
     • tennis players movements
       • in serve are well linked
   • fluent
     • gymnastics movements
       • are flowing
   • aesthetic
     • conversion which is
       • successful and looks good

8. performance and outcome goals

   • performace
     • related to performance of activity
       • improve passing rugby
     • short term
   • outcome
     • concerned with end result
     • win a netball tournament
     • medium to long term

9. assesing body's readiness for exercise

   • health screening
     • BMI
       • weight/height squared
       • test body fat
       • healthy 19-25, 30+ obese
     • blood pressure
       • equipment used is sphygmomanometer
       • normal is 120/80
     • heart rate
       • bpm
       • 60-90 bpm,
       • average man 70, women 75
     • family history
       • family illness could cause problems
       • high blood pressure could mean
         • risk of stroke in PA
   • assessing stamina
     • Finding out VO2 max
       • amount of O2 intake+use in 1 minute
     • 12 minute cooper run
   • assessing strength
     • 1 rep max
       • max amount of weight lifted once
         • with goof form
   • assessing speed
     • 30-40 m sprint
       • can go up to 100 m
   • assessing fliexibility
     • sit and reach test
       • measure lower back
         • and hamstring flexibility
       • legs must be straight
         • and in contact with floor

10. components of a healthy diet

    • carbohydrates
      • energy production
        • high intensity
      • simple sugars
      • complex carbs
      • 60% of diet
    • fats
      • major source of energy
      • low intensity
      • saturated
      • unsaturated
      • 30% of calories from fats
    • protein
      • growth and repair
      • production of haemoglobin
      • 15% of calorie intake
    • vitamins
      • prevention of disease
      • vitamins found in fruit+ veg
    • minerals
      • macro minerals
        • needed in large amounts
          • potassium
      • trace elements
        • small amounts
          • iron
            • component of haemoglobin
      • calcium
        • healthy bones
    • water
      • carries nutrientss
      • removal of waste products
      • regulate body temp

11. characteristics of healthy diet

    • avoid too much fat
    • avoid too much sugar
    • include vitamins+minerals
    • plenty of fibre
    • keep alcohol within legal limits
    • characteristics of a healthy lifestyle
      • eating healthy diet
      • exercise
        • 30 mins 5 days or more adult
        • kids hour each day
      • don't smoke
      • low level of stress

12. general factors affecting particiaption

    • age
      • lack of self esteem
      • poor fitness
      • discrimination
      • seen as 'young person's activity
    • gender
      • traditional gendered sports bloxing
      • fewer women in PA
      • discrimination
    • disability
      • lack of facilities
      • self esteem
      • can take part in in PA
      • discrimination
    • alcohol consumption
      • is a source of energy not used fir working muscles
      • Health Development Agency says
        • mean 3-4 units women 2-3
    • smoking
      • haemoglobin carries carbon monoxide rather than O2
        • less efficient
      • endurance is reduced
    • over eating
      • poor health type 2
      • tired/lethargic
      • lack of motivation
      • no confidence
    • under eating
      • no energy
      • lack of strength
      • embarrased
      • suffer from muscle wastage
    • performance enhancing drugs
      • blood doping
        • taking products which enhance uptake of O2
          • blood is removed and body replaces it
            • increases blood volume
              • increase in haemoglobin
        • heart problems
        • kidney failiure
        • increase blood pressure
      • anabolic steroids
        • enables quicker recovery/train harder
        • high blood pressure
        • acne
        • shrinking of balls

13. indicators of health and wellbeing

    • satisfaction with aspects of life
      • satisfied with life overall
    • frequency of positive and negative feelings
      • more positive than negative thoughs
        • means more optmistic both physically and mentally
    • access to green space
      • relieve stress
      • improve health
    • positive mental health
      • more optimistic
      • more relaxed

14. methods of training and exercise

    • circuit training
      • series of exercises
      • diff muscle groups
      • duration+ intensity can vary
    • body pump, spin, dance
      • cardiovascular
      • 20 min
    • aqua aerobics
      • 30 min - 1 hour
      • 90% of weight is suppourted
    • yoga
      • mind and body control
      • mental peace
      • develops strength and flexibillity
    • pilates
      • improve physical and mental health
      • core strength
      • improve posture
      • low repss

15. levels of participation

    • decreases with age
    • 77% 16-19 one activity
    • 30% 70+ one activity
    • walking most popular 46%
    • swimming 35%
    • yoga 22%

16. reasons for participation

    • manage stress
    • live longer
    • make friends
    • feel good
    • make money
    • have a hobby
    • reasons for non participation
      • disability
      • peer pressure
      • lack of self esteem
      • lack of oppourtunities
      • lack of time
      • lack of role models

17. key processes

    • developing skills in physical activity
      • refine and adapt skills
      • develop skills
      • teaching rugby pass
      • make informed choices about HAL
        • what types of PA they're suited to
        • what type of role they want to be
        • make choices involvement in healthy PA
        • in PE theory lesson getting taught on healthy eating
    • making and applying decisions
      • use tactics effectively in different contexts
      • recognize hazards and controlling risks
      • pupil umpiring a cricket game
    • developing physical and mental capacity
      • develop aspects of PA to cope with diff activities
      • develop mental determination to win
      • a pupil running a football session
    • evaluating and improving
      • identify strengths and weaknesses
      • make decisions on what to do to improve
      • a fellow pupil assessing your golf match

18. pathways for involvement inPA

    • getting involved in PA
      • PE lesson
    • taking part in school oppourtunities
      • after school class
    • become performer, leader, official work towards qualification
      • coaching badges for participation
      • motivation
      • reaching highest possible standard of involvement in PA
        • reach potential
        • sense of achievement
    • become involved in complex challenges
      • more experience in PA
      • push yourself to take on challenges
      • rewarding
    • pursuing routes in sport through volenteering
      • run a PA club for elderly
      • volunteer for competitions like Oympic Games