5.1 Electron Structure

5.1 Electron Structure

1. Atomic Orbitals

   • Different types of orbital
   • An orbital is a region that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins

2. S-orbitals

   • hold 2 electrons
   • Each shell from the first one holds one s-orbital
   • The greater the shell number n, the greater the radius of its s-orbital
   • Electron cloud in the shape of a sphere

3. P-orbitals

   • Electron cloud in the shape of a dumb-bell
   • Three separate p-orbitals at right angles to one another each that can hold one or two electrons
   • The greater the shell number n, the further the p-orbital is from the nulceus

4. D-orbitals and F-orbitals

   • Each shell from the third shell contains FIVE D-orbitals
   • Each shell from the fourth shell contains SEVEN F-orbitals

5. In the spec you have to state the number of electrons in the first 4 shells

   • Shell 1
     • 2
     • Shell 2
       • Shell 3
         • Shell 4
           • 32
         • 18
       • 8

6. Blocks in the periodic table

   • s-block: Highest energy electrons in the s-sub-shell (left block of two groups)
   • p-block: Highest energy electrons in the p-sub-shell (right block of 6 groups)
   • d-block: Highest energy electron sin the d-sub-shell (centre block of 10 groups)

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