GCSE ICT UNIT 1

GCSE ICT UNIT 1

1. DATA, INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE

   • Data consists of raw facts and figures, such as images,words and videos
   • Information is data that is given a meaning and context
     • Knowledge is obtained by applying rules to the information
       • INPUTS AND OUTPUTS:
         • EXAMPLES: INPUT:Remote, keypad or keyboard,gamepad,mouse,joystick
           • OUTPUTS: TV screen,speakers, monitor, screen, Speakers, projectors, printers
           • WEBCAM
             • A webcam is a digital video connected directly to a computer. Webcams are sometimes found built into computers or on the lad of a laptop.
             • ADVANTAGES: a webcam can be used to monitor your home for security, Send pictures of yourself to friends or family, monitor remote places with out human presence
             • DISADVANTAGES: you might not be aware that the webcam is taking pictures, you could be tempted to send a picture which you would late regret. your privacy could be compromised
               • CONECTING TO THE INTERNET:
                 • DIAL UP: The computer is connected to a modem which is then connected to a telephone socket. The modem converts the digital signals on the computer to be compatible with the signals used on the telephone line
                 • ADVANTAGES: It can be used in areas where broadband can not be accessed. ,you can use dial- up from many locations- where ever there is a phone line.
                   • DISADVANTAGES: It has low transfer speeds and it can take a very long time to download or upload files, you can not use the phone at the same time as the internet, It is to slow to successfully view video files.
                 • BROADBAND
                   • Broadband uses digital signals so there is no need for a modem.
                   • ADVANTAGES: you can download a lot quickly It is possible to use multiple devices such as the computer and the telephone at the same time,there is no need to use dial up, Serval computers can share the same connection.
                   • DISADVANATGES: As local usage increases, the download or upload times will increase and take longer, there is a greater risk of hacking
         • DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
           • Digital photography is a way of capturing image with out the use of film. The images can be easily transmitted, displayed in electronic picture frames, placed on websites, manipulated using specialist software, printed out using a computer, sent to someone using a mobile phone
             • ADVANATAGES
           • Digital camera: Images are stored on a digital camera using a flash memory card. Many cameras use a flash memory card so that the card can be taken out an directly transferred over to a computer
           • PIXELS: Digital images are made up of million and millions of tiny dots. The resolution of an image is a measure of how many dots that can be displayed in an area. BITMAP images are made up of pixels
             • PHOTO EDITING SOFTWARE
               • ONCE A PICTURE IS TAKEN IT MAY NEED EDITING. This editing may consist of changing the brightness, cropping, zooming in,changing the contract, red eye removal

2. DATA VALIDATION

   • RANGE CHECKS: Numerical data is checked to see if the value lies within a specific range. the computer is given a specific range in which the numbers must lie between for it to be classed as sensible
     • CHECK DIGIT : It is east to type in digits in the wrong order. For example when you are typing in a barcode. A check digit carries out a mathematical calculation on the digits of the number and this number that is found is then placed on to the end of the digits. When the number is entered the computer checks the calculation again.
   • PRESENCE CHECK:Sometimes it is essential to have an item of data present. for example if you are ordering a pair of shoes then it is essential that you put the size that you want or it may inform you that you can't order the shoes if you don't fill in the information
     • FORMAT CHECK : Some data has to be laid out in an agreed way. A format check will look at the data to see if it confirms to the rules for the data item. For example a postcode, getting the order of the code wrong would cause an error
     • SOCIAL NETWORK
       • ADVANTAGES: Usually free, Allows you to communicate with people who have similar interests, easy to display photos, videos, achievements..., say to speak to friends or family, stay in touch with old friends and family, make new friends
         • DESKTOP PUBLISHING
       • DISADAVNTAGES: People may not be who the say there are, grooming, cyber bullying, Hacking, spam through emails
       • MUSIC AND SOUND
         • music can be obtained from a number of ICT sources such as digital TV, Digital audio broadcasting, The internet and CD'S
         • some music instruments can be connected to the internet through MIDI( Music instrument Digital Interface. MIDI allows you to convert sound waves form analogue to digital, through the computer so that the computer cab understand it
           • ADVANTAGES: Don't have to learn the actual instrument. any type of music can be found, Songs and videos can be stored in a very small place
             • DISADVANTAGES: Music can be illegally copied, recording companies may lose out on money because people are downloading for free instead of buying it, which means more concerts, Music produced may not sound as good listening to the music live
       • ECOMERCE
         • This is the term used for buying or selling goods via the internet. To carry out shopping online you use the internet to browse websites which sell what you want to buy, search a website for your items. add items you want to your "shopping basket", proceed to a checkout, choose a method of payment, enter the details of a credit or debit card, enter your address and other information required and it is delivered to your home

3. INTERACTIVE SYSTEM

   • An interactive system is one in which the user is able to make requests to the system and the system is able to react to those requests
   • On an interactive TV you are able to use many services that you could only previously use on the internet
     • EXAMPLES: Betting, dating, gaming, shopping

4. GAMING

   • Gaming is very popular. Through online gaming you are able to join in with games and chats with friends.
     • DISADVANTAGES:Can become addictive, gamers may not get enough exercise and become obese or have health issues, Playing games alone can limit the development of social skills
   • ADVANTAGES: Some games are educational, Some games are simulations so they can be similar to real life situations such as flying, Many games are collaborative and require team work, some games require quick thinking and can improve hand- eye coordination, can play alone on some games so you dont always have to play with friends, there fun and entertaining

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