5517648
Beschreibung
Mindmap von Camila Osorio Casal, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Camila Osorio Casal
vor fast 8 Jahre
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INTONATION
- It's the melody of
speech.
- It's partly universal but
also partly language
specific.
- Studies:
- How the pitch of the voice
rises and falls.
- How speakers use this pitch variation
to convey linguistic and pracmatic
meaning.
- The rhythm of speech.
- How the interplay of
accented, stressed and
unstressed syllables
functions
- How the pitch of the voice
rises and falls.
- Prosodic features:
- Characteristics of
speech are those if
spitch, loudness and
speed.
- These combine
together to make up
the rhythm of speech.
- These combine
together to make up
the rhythm of speech.
- Stress: is realized by a
combination of loudness,
pitch and duration.
- Tone: being realized mainly
by differences in the pitch of
the voice.
- Characteristics of
speech are those if
spitch, loudness and
speed.
- Speakers of english repeatedly face
three types of decisions they speak.
- Tonality: to decide is the
devition of the spoken
material into chunks.
- TonIcity: to highlight some
words as important for the
meaning the hearer's
attention.
- Tone: the pitch movement
the speaker is going to
associate with tonicity.
- Tonality: to decide is the
devition of the spoken
material into chunks.
- Learners of english will tend to start by assuming
that english is like their own first language.
- They will TRANSFER the intonation
habits of the L1 to L2.
- Positive transfer: the elements of
intonation are the same in English
as in the L1.
- Negative transfer: the elements of
intonation are not use in the same
way in English as in the L1.
- Positive transfer: the elements of
intonation are the same in English
as in the L1.
- The assumption that English is like students
L1 leads to INTERFERENCE from the L1 as
inappropriate elements are transferred
- They will TRANSFER the intonation
habits of the L1 to L2.
- Functions of intonation
- Attitudinal
- Express our attitudes
and emotions
- By tone
- By tone
- Express our attitudes
and emotions
- Focusing
- Helps to show what information in
a utterance is new and what is
already known
- By tonicity
- By tonicity
- Helps to show what information in
a utterance is new and what is
already known
- Discourse
- Signals how sequences of clauses and
sentences go together in spoken discourse,
to contrast or to cohere
- Signals how sequences of clauses and
sentences go together in spoken discourse,
to contrast or to cohere
- Indexical
- Acts as a marker of personal
or social identity
- Acts as a marker of personal
or social identity
- Psychological
- Organizes speech into units that are easy
to perceive, memorize and perform
- By tonality
- By tonality
- Organizes speech into units that are easy
to perceive, memorize and perform
- Grammatical
- To distinguish clause types
- By tone
- By tone
- Helps to identify grammatical
structures in speech
- By tonality
- By tonality
- To distinguish clause types
- Attitudinal
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