PHILIP II OF SPAIN

BIOGRAPHY
1. HE WAS BORN IN VALLADOLID (SPAIN) IN 1527 AND HE DIED IN "EL ESCORIAL" IN 1598
  1. PREDECESSOR
    1. CHARLES I
      1. DURING HIS REIGN, SPAIN BECAME THE FIRST WORLD POWER
      2. CARLOS I CONFRONTED THE TURKISH'S TREATH
      3. THE PROTESTANT REFORM MADE BY LUTERO TEMPTED A CHRISTIANITY SCHISM
      4. THE COMMON IDEAL OF HIS EMPIRE WAS THE CHRISTIANITY
      5. HE DEFEATED THE FRENCH AT THE PAVIA'S BATTLE
      6. ON 25th OCTOBER 1555 HE ABDICATED IN FAVOUR OF FELIPE (LATER, PHILIP II)
      7. HE HANDED OVER THE EMPIRE TO HIS BROTHER, FERNANDO I
      8. HE RETREATED HIMSELF AT THE YUSTE'S MONASTERY
      9. HE DEAD AT THE YUSTE'S MONASTERY ON 21st SEPTEMBER 1558
      10. HE WAS A CATHOLIC KINGS' GRANDSON, SO HE INHERITED THE CROWNS OF CASTILLA AND ARAGÓN (CHARLES I OF SPAIN), HE WAS SON OF JUANA LA LOCA
      11. WHEN HIS GRANDFATHER MAXIMILIANO I DEAD, HE WAS CORWNED AS EMPERATOR OF THE SACRED ROMAN GERMANIC EMPIRE (CHARLES V OF GERMANY)
  2. SUCCESSOR
    1. PHILIP III
2. LIKE HIS FATHER, CHARLES I, HE WAS THE MOST POWERFUL MONARCH AT THAT TIME
3. HE WAS VERY RELIGIOUS.
4. HE ATTACKED THE PROTESTANTS AND THE TURKS
5. HE SAW HOW HIS "INVINCIBLE NAVY" WAS DEFEATED BY THE ENGLISH NAVY
6. HE LIKED THE ARTS AND THE LETTERS
7. HE LOST HIS MOTHER WHEN HE WAS ELEVEN YEARS OLD
8. HE MODERNIZED THE ADMINISTRATION
9. HE DIED IN THE PALACE-MONASTERY OF "EL ESCORIAL" THAT HE IMPELLED
FOREIGN POLICY
1. HE WAS LEAVING THE ALLIANCE WITH ENGLAND OF THE DEATH OF MARÍA TUDOR
2. HE PACIFIED THE CONFLICT WITH FRANCE (PEACE 1599) AND HE MARRIED THE KING HENRY II FRANCE'S DAUGHTER
3. HE DEFEATED THE TURKS IN LEPANTO'S BATTLE (1571)
4. DESPITE THE WARS WITH THE NEETHERLAND THEY DECLARED THEMSELVES INDEPENDENT IN 1581
5. IN 1580 IT ANNEXED THE KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL
6. IT COULD NOT SUBMIT TO ENGLAND AND HE SUFFERED THE DEFEAT BY THE "INVINCIBLE NAVY"
  1. WITH THIS DEFEAT THE DECADENCE OF SPAIN BEGINS IN EUROPE

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PHILIP II OF SPAIN

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