Illocutionary Forces, Register, and Formulaic Elements

Illocutionary Forces, Register, and Formulaic Elements

1. Alyssa Fletcher Chapter 7 10/31/16

2. Register & Implications for Interpreters

   • Setting one is involved in, how fast/slow person speaks, whether there is interaction between the speaker and the listener, and the status of the people involved
     • Words people use and the style in which they present
   • Define: Language used in varying degrees of formality
     • helps people communicate effectively & interact in an accepted manner
     • takes into consideration the speaker's & audience's role and what type of relationship the participants have w/ each other
   • 5 Different Registers
     • incorporate different linguistic styles in various settings
       • Frozen/Oratorical
         • a script to follow as part of a ritual
           • purpose: to affirm that each participant is part of a larger whole
             • settings: performances, public speeches, & sacred texts
           • Same words are spoken, no one is aloud to change/paraphase
           • maybe need to read directly from the text to be sure that the words spoken are those English speakers are expecting to hear
       • Formal
         • larger audience; status difference between them & speaker
           • participants not expected to ask questions, speaker is separated on platform
           • interpreter not able to ask speaker for clarification
             • but signer will communicate more slowly, articulate signs more carefully, use longer pauses, & use reiteration
               • any specialized vocab is more likely to be explained
             • avoid casual words; use specialized & polished vocab; give it that formal "sound"
               • ASL depends on presentation style more than sign choice
             • English speakers become uncomfortable with long pauses
           • settings: presentations & introductions
       • Consultative
         • difference in participants status due to some being experts in the discussion material
           • listeners can ask questions, affirms relationship
             • communicate @ moderate pace, less exaggerated articulation, pausing when necessary
             • classroom: signer checks for understanding & has organized discussion
               • but allows flexibility for misunderstandings or other interests
           • need to be aware of special vocab, or signs that have specific English terms, or initialized signs
       • Casual/Informal
         • 2+ people know each other, everyone is of equal status
           • #CLUB signing
           • harder to understand because quickly sign w/o looking for comprehension, signs may not be clearly or completely articulated, people will overlap
             • can use slang/ shared knowledge if able
       • Intimate
         • talk between couples & best friends, have background knowledge & common experience
           • maintain 1 throughout; familiar w/ events/experiences; comfortable w/ asking Qs & express what s being said
   • influence how language is presented; if it is memorized? spontaneous?
     • More Formal= Less Personal

3. Illocutionary Forces

   • the speaker's intention aka purpose underlying the words
     • Presence signifies that there is more implied than what appears on the surface
   • be aware of the intent behind the words
     • ASL is more explicit in the use of performance verbs
       • Possible to leave out performance verbs because the information will be implied in English
         • Help you keep up with the signer
         • Complete meaning still conveyed
   • Types of English I.F.
     • Statement: give info
       • RH-Q interpreted as
     • Question: request info
     • Command: encourage or solicit an action
     • Warning: elicit self-protective behavior in the listener
     • Promise: predict action from the speaker
     • Threat: intimidate the listener

4. Formulaic Elements of English

   • occur in casual/informal along with frozen
     • storytelling: not every word needs to be exactly the same, just some that enhance the story
       • hints that a fairy tale is being told
   • a specific way something is said in a particular setting

5. Working Within a Register

   • speaker uses a language based on the occasion, the participants, & their relationship to one another, the topic, & the location
   • Appropriate style depends on context of the communication
     • be aware of who the signer is referring to, identify them by name
     • settings where more than 1 register appears
   • More experience= more comfortable
     • Don't usually have this, attend events where formal is used

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