PHYSICS UNIT 5

HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
1. ΔE = mc ΔΘ
2. K = °C + 273
3. ABOSOLUTE 0 = 0K OR -273°C
4. SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY
  1. THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY NEEDED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1KG BY 1K (OR 1°C)
5. PRESSURE AND VOLUME ARE PROPORTIONAL TO TEMPERATURE
  1. pV = NkT
INTERNAL ENERGY
1. SUM OF KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY OF THE PARTICLES WITHIN A SYSTEM
2. AS TEMPERATURE INCREASES
  1. AVERAGE PARTICLE SPEED INCREASES
3. COLLISIONS BETWEEN PARTCLES INCREASES
4. 1/2 m(c^2 ) ̅
  1. 3/2 kT
RADIOACTIVE EMMISSIONS
1. UNSTABLE ATOMS ARE RADIOACTIVE
2. BACKGROUND RADIATION
EXPONENTIAL LAW OF DECAY
1. EVERY ISOTOPE DECAYS AT A DIFFERENT RATE
2. A = λN
  1. λ = ln2/ T1/2
3. ΔN/Δt = -λN
4. N =N_(0 ) e^(-λt)
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
1. AN OCSILLATION IN WHICH ACCELERATION OF AN OBJECT IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO ITS DIAPLACEMENT FROM THE MIDPOINT AND IS DIRECTED TOWARDS THE MIDPOINT
2. a= -ω^2 x
  1. a = -Aω^2 cos(ωt)
3. v= -Aω sin(ωt)
4. x = A cos(ωt)
SIMPLE HARMONIC OSCILLATORS
1. A MASS ON A SPRING IS SHO
2. F = - kx
3. T=2π √(m/k)
4. T=2π √(l/g)
GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS
1. MASSES IN A GRAVITATIONAL FIELD EXPERIENCE A FORCE OF ATTRACTION
2. F = G m1 m2 / r^2
3. g = F/ m
4. F ∝ 1/ r2
MEASURING ASTRONOMICAL DISTANCES
1. 2d = ct
2. PARALLAX
3. L = σAT4
  1. L = 4πr^2σT4
4. F=L/(4πd^2 )
LUMINOSITY AND THE HERTSZSPRUNG RUSSELL DIAGRAM
1. A BODY THAT ABSORBS ALL WAVELENGTHS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION CAN EMIT ALL WAVELENGTHS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
2. λMAX T = 2.898×10-3 m K
3. LUMINOSITY vs TEMPERATURE
THE LIFE CYCLE OF STARS
1. CLOUDS OF DUST
  1. NEBULAE
2. PROTOSTAR
3. MAIN SEQUENCE
4. RED GIANT
  1. RUN OUT OF FUEL
  2. RED SUPERGIANT
    1. SUPERNOVA
      1. NEUTRON STAR
      2. BLACK HOLE
5. WHITE DWARF
HUBBLE AND THE BIG BANG
1. DOPPLER EFFECT
2. RED SHIFT
  1. z = ∆λ/λ = ∆f/f = v/c
3. v = H0d
NUCLEAR FISSION AND FUSION
1. NUCLEAR RECACTIONS RELEASE BINDING ENERGY
2. E = mc^2
3. BINDING ENERGY PER NUCLEON IS AT A MAXIMUM AROUND N = 50
4. FISSION MEANS SPLITTING UP INTO SMALLER PARTS
5. FUSION MEANS JOINING NUCLEI TOGETHER
6. NUCLEI NEED LOTS OF ENERGY TO FUSE
7. FUSION HAPPENS IN THE CORE OF STARS
EXPONENTIALS AND NATURAL LOGS
1. CHARGE ON A CAPACITOR
2. RADIOACTIVE DECAY
3. ln y = ln k - ax
4. log E = log k + n log x
FREE AND FORCED VIBRATIONS
1. FREE VIBRATIONS- NO TRANSFER OF ENERGY TO OR FROM SURROUNDINGS
2. FORCED VIBRATIONS HAPPEN WHEN THERE'S AN EXTERNAL DRIVING FORCE
3. RESONANCE HAPPENS WHEN DRIVING FORCE = NATURAL FREQUENCY
4. DAMPENING HAPPENS WHEN ENERGY IS LOST TO SUUROUNDINGS
5. DIFFERENT AMMOUNTS OF DAMPENING HAVE DIFFERENT EFFECTS
6. DAMPENING AFFECTS RESONANCE
  1. CHANGES NATURAL FREQUENCY

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PHYSICS UNIT 5

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