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Glaciation Erosion Land forms
- Hanging valley
- Tributary valleys found on the side
of the main valley; often have
waterfalls flowing down to the main
valley below. These may sit
hundreds of metres above main
valley below.
- Church Beck, Lake District
- Form as tributary valleys, do not
have as much ice as main valley
glacier.
- There is a greater rate of erosion beneath
main valley glacier, deepening main valley in
relation to tributary valley. Once glaciers
retreat, tributary valley left perched above.
- As tributary streams fall over steep
sides, descend to the main valley
below as waterfalls.
- As tributary streams fall over steep
sides, descend to the main valley
below as waterfalls.
- There is a greater rate of erosion beneath
main valley glacier, deepening main valley in
relation to tributary valley. Once glaciers
retreat, tributary valley left perched above.
- Tributary valleys found on the side
of the main valley; often have
waterfalls flowing down to the main
valley below. These may sit
hundreds of metres above main
valley below.
- Fjord
- A submerged glacial valley with
steep valley sides; U in cross
section reflecting shape of
original glacial valley.
- Fairly straight, deeper inland with a shallower section at seaward end (threshold)
- Contains water which is uniformly deep and may be over 1000m in depth.
- Contains water which is uniformly deep and may be over 1000m in depth.
- Fairly straight, deeper inland with a shallower section at seaward end (threshold)
- Sognefjord, Norway
- Flooded glacial troughs,
created due to eustatic
sea-level rise, resulting in
the drowning of glacial
troughs.
- Fjord is shallower at sea end due to formation of original trough.
- Glacier would have thinned towards its snout, losing power of erosion.
- Glacier would have thinned towards its snout, losing power of erosion.
- Fjord is shallower at sea end due to formation of original trough.
- A submerged glacial valley with
steep valley sides; U in cross
section reflecting shape of
original glacial valley.
- Truncated spurs
- A vertical cliff on the valley side.
- In Borrowdale in the Lake District
- As glaciers pass through a valley they straighten it and the power of ice is
enough to remove or truncate the interlocking spurs through processes of
glacial erosion, creating truncated spurs on sides of valley.
- A vertical cliff on the valley side.
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