CRANEAL NERVES

CRANEAL NERVES

1. Are

   • OLFATORY I
     • Suppose Origin
       • Olfactory Bulb
         • Output Orifice
           • Orifice Cribriform Plate of the Ethmoid Bone
             • Funtion
               • Odor by the nasal mucosa of the roof of each nasal cavity and the upper faces of the nasal septum and upper turbinate (olfactory ganglion).
   • II OPTIC
     • Suppose Origin
       • Anterior external angle of the optic chiasm
         • Output Orifice
           • Retinal ganglion cells
             • Funtion
               • Vision of the retina (lateral geniculate nuclei of the thalamus).
   • III OCULOMOTOR
     • Suppose Origin
       • Inner border of the cerebral peduncle.
         • Output Orifice
           • Sphenoidal cleft or Superior orbital cleft
             • Funtion
               • Motor for 4 of the 6 extrinsic muscles of the eye (upper, lower and medial, inferior oblique).
   • IV TROCHLEAR
     • Suppose Origin
       • To the sides of the valve brake of Vieussens
         • Output Orifice
           • Sphenoid cleft.
             • Funtion
               • Upper oblique muscle motor that helps to turn the eye down and inward.
   • V TRIGEMINAL
     • Suppose Origin
       • Lateral portion of the annular protuberance
         • Output Orifice
           • Sphenoid cleft. Round hole> Oval hole (Mandibular) Oval hole. Sensitivity of the cornea, skin of the forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose and mucosa of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (Ophthalmic Root)
             • Funtion
               • Sensibilidad de la piel de la cara sobre los maxilares, incluido el labio superior, dientes superiores, mucosa de la nariz, senos maxilares y paladar (Raíz Maxilar).
                 • ARE
                   • X VAGUS
                     • Suppose Origin
                       • Surco retroolivar
                         • Output Orifice
                           • Yugular orifice
                             • Funtion
                               • Mobility of a nominal intrinsic muscle of the tongue (palatoglossus) (ambiguous nucleus). One of its branches
                     • XI ACCESORY
                       • Suppose Origin
                         • Retrocoar groove.
                           • Output Orifice
                             • Yugular orifice or posterior torn Mobility of the striated muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx and esophagus - through the fibers that attach to the vagus nerve - (ambiguous nucleus)
                               • Funtion
                                 • Mobility of neck muscles (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius) (Spinal nucleus).
                       • XII HYPOGLOSSAL
                         • Suppose Origin
                           • Groove preolivar
                             • Output Orifice
                               • Mobility of the intrinsic (except the palatoglossal) and extrinsic muscles (styloglossus, hioglossus, genioglossus) of the tongue
                                 • Funtion
                                   • General mobility of the hyoid (thyrohyoid and geniohyoid) muscles of C1 and C2. General and proprioceptive sensitivity for the anterior muscles and for the dura of the posterior cranial fossa of C2 (C2 sensitive ganglion).
     • VI ABDUCENS
       • Suppose Origin
         • Bulb-protruding groove above the previous pyramids.
           • Output Orifice
             • Sphenoid cleft.
               • Funtion
                 • Mobility of the external rectus muscle (lateral - extrinsic muscle) that rotates the eye outwards (nerve nucleus abducens).
       • VII FACIAL
         • Suppose Origin
           • Groove bulboprotuberancial
             • Output Orifice
               • Internal auditory canal, facial canal and stylotomatoid orifice
                 • Funtion
                   • Mobility for facial expression muscles (orbicularis of the eyelids, orbicularis of the eyes) and the scalp (occipital and auricular muscles); Also innervates the middle ear stirrup muscle, the stylohyoid muscle, and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle (facial nerve motor nucleus). Taste of the anterior two thirds of the tongue, floor of the mouth and soft palate (solitary nucleus). Sensitivity of the skin of the external auditory canal. (Descending nucleus of the trigeminal nerve). Parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland, and mucous glands of the nasal, paranasal and palate cavity. (Upper Salivary Ganglion and Lacrimonial Ganglion).
         • VIII VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
           • Suppose Origin
             • Groove bulboprotuberancial.
               • Output Orifice
                 • Auditory meatus Internal auditory canal.
                   • Funtiom
                     • Vestibular sensitivity of the membranous semicircular ducts, utricle and sacculus related to the position and movement of the head (Equilibrium) (Vestibular nucleus). Hearing of the organ of corti (spiral) (Cochlear or spiral nucleus)
           • IX GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
             • Suppose Origin
               • Groove retroolivar or Groove posterior collateral of the medulla. Sensory of the ganglion of Ehrentter and motors of the superior part of ambiguous nucleus
                 • Output Orifice
                   • Yugular Hole or Rear Torn Hole
                     • Funtion
                       • Mobility of the stylopharyngeal muscle that helps swallowing. Close the epiglottis (ambiguous nucleus). Parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland and glands of the posterior third of the tongue (lower salivary ganglion). Visceral sensitivity of the parotid gland. Sensitivity of the isthmus of the fauces: mucosa of the pharynx, tonsil palatine, posterior third of the tongue (gag reflex). Sensitivity of the auditory tube, middle ear, and of the sinus and carotid bodies (Trigeminal nucleus). Taste of the posterior third of the tongue (Goblet papillae of the lingual "V") (nucleus of solitary fasciculus or gustatory nucleus). Skin sensitivities of the external ear

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