VIT Bs (B6, B7, B9 B12)

VIT Bs (B6, B7, B9 B12)

1. B6 PYRIDOXINE

   • Fruit - purple, veg green, potatoes, M & F Nutrient loss when heated
     • RNI Infants 0 - 19 mths 0.2mg; 1-10 1mg, M 11-50+ 1.2-1.4; F ; 19-50+ 1.2 Supplement - 10-150mg. High dose can cause acne
   • ABSORPTION - in SI - no limit in absorption; Strictly depends on availability of B2 and its deficiency can stop PN activity
   • 3 compounds - PN - Pyridoxine; PL - Pyridoxal; PM - Pyridoxamine All 3 convert to Coenzyme pyridoxal phospate PLP
   • Therapeutics: Mood disorder; Nervous system dysfunction, pregnancy, patients with mild Amino Acid abnormalitiest PN - deficiency - 2.5-25mg/d; Hypercysteinaemia 50-100mg/d with folic acid; PMS - 200mg/d TOXICITY - High dose OF B6 & B12- Roscea fulminins INTERACTIONS - Phenobarbital - anticonvulsant; Phenytoin - anti epileptic drug
   • DEFICIENCY: Rare 1950 infant formula Sx: Hormonal imbalance, PMS, Fatigue, low blood sugar, Acne, facial oiliness, High Homocysteine, confusion, convulsions, depression, poor coordination, anorexia, poor immunity
     • METABOLIC FUNCTION - PLP Coenzyme involved in variety of reactions of Amino Acids.; cofactor of enzyme releasing glucose from glycogen, Regulates steroid hormones, Along with Folic acid, it takes part in methylation CH3 of methionine. Deficiency of Folic Acid, B6 and B12 can increase homocysteine level - risk factor for atherscelerosis B6 imp to convert Tryptophan; vice versa

2. B7/B11 BIOTIN

   • SOURCE - Complex of bios - yeast, liver, soybean, egg yolk, panuts, walnuts, kidneys Liverhas 1mg/K biotin; Fruits and other meats 0.01mg/Kg
     • RNI Suppl range 0.5-15mg Syngergitic nutrients - B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12. Mg, Mn, CR
       • ABSORPTION: through proteins metabolised in intestine to free biotin - aborbed in SI. Impaired by chronic alcohol intake and raw egg whites containing avidin
   • METABOLISM: FAD/FMN - reactions imp for energy metab and FA synthesis. Good for hair nails, creating active form of folate. Good to maintain normal nervous and psychological functions
   • DEFICIENCY: – cradle cap in babies, seborrhoeic dermatitis adult cradle cap, brittle nails, diabetes - biotin + Cr; lowers haemoglobin A1c levels type 2.
   • DEFICIENCY: scaly, seboorrheic skins; dry scaly rash - eys, mouth, nose, anus; hiar loss, nausea, depression, burning/tingling sensaton, dry greyish skins, glossitis

3. B9 FOLATE, FOLIC ACID; FOLACIN

   • METAB: After absorption methly group (-CH3) is added to Folate and delivered in this form to cells. Folate is then released from methyl group by an enzyme that needs B12. Without it Folate becomes trapped in 5-methly THF and renedered unable to function - DNA synthesis and cell growth - Folate Trap
   • DEFICIENCY ILLNESS: Spina bifida 400ug before conception. neural tube closure occurs by 28th day of pregnancy, impairs cell divin, anaemia - megaloblastic, GI tract deterioration
   • FORMS - THF Tetrahydrofolate active part of enzyme in numerous metab functions. Folic Acid is synthetic in supplements and fortified food not natural source
   • Food source: Legumes, Kidney beans, broccoli, orange, asparagus, beef steak
   • RNI - Infants to 14 yrs -50 -200; Adults upto 50+ 400 mcg/d M&F Suppl: 1000-5000mcg - Folic Acid
   • ABSORPTION: 50% through food; 100% supplements - taken on empty stomach 200 ug UK
   • THERAPEUTICS - Homocysteinaemia -800-1000ug/d,. Asymptomatic atherosclerosis - lowering homocysteine levels with folic acid reduces progression. 300mcg/d reduces stroke by 20% 13% CVD; reduces breast cancer, depression, pancreati cancer, Vitiligo
   • INTERACTIONS - Anticancer drugs; Aspirin, Antacids, Antoconvulsants, OCP Folic Acid excess 350 ug/d impairs Zinc absroption. UL 1000 ug/day

4. B12 COBALAMINE

   • AVAILABILITY/SOURCE: Synthesised by bacteria. Found only in animal source - originates from ingestion of bacterial-contaminated diet - Meat, Fish, Egg, Mik and Cheese Plant source - Fermented - bacterial synthesis is not utilised by humans - need to use supplements. As Vit bound to protein 75% is retained during cooking
   • ROLE - works in 2 coenzyme forms - Adenosylcobalamin; Methylcobalamin esp in metab of all cells, GI tract and bone marrow. Its role as one carbon methyl donor helps in metabolism of folic acid and synthesis of DNA
   • RNI infants - 0.3 - 1 mcg/d; 10-14 M&F 1-1.2; M & F 15-50+ Supplements - 300 8000 ug/d
   • Cobalamin Analogs: Methylcobalamin; Adenosylcobalamin; Cyanocobalamin; Hydroxycobalamin, Nitrocobalamin; Aquacobalamin
   • ABSORPTION - VIT 12 bound to protein is released from it through pepsin digestion in stomach; It combines with R-protein and moves to duodenum; From there is it released from R-protein and binds to Intrinsic Factor IF in stomach. It Vit B12 complex is then absorbed in distal part of SI. Enetrehepatic circulation recovers B2 from GI tract back to liver.
   • THERAPEUTIC: 100-650mcg; - elderly adults -25-37.5mcg/d; Hypercysteinaemia - B12 + Folic Acid ad B6 reduces serum conc of homocysteineç- Vegans; pregnancy, Thyroidoxis, Malignancy, Liver & Kidney disease
   • DEFICIENCY: Megaloblastic anaemia - low B12 affects folate for RBC formation, Neurological ailments, nerve degeneration numbness, tingling burning sensation in feet, Gen weakness is legs - changes are slow but irreversible Common cause is malabsorption due to inadequate IF production - pernicious anaemia like Megaloblastic. Reason - Auto immune destruction of IF; Hereditary deficiencies IF, Age related
     • SX: lemon-yellow tint to skin and eyes, smooth beefy red tongue; Nero disorders - depression, impaired mental functions