VIT Bs (B1, B2, B3, B5)

VIT Bs (B1, B2, B3, B5)

1. B1 Thyamine

   • Food source - Pork, Potatoes, Whole grain, Nuts, seeds, Meat and fish
     • Min 0.40-0.50 mg/1000 kJ Supplement - 5 -150 mg/day
   • Availability: Lost through leaching, destroyed by light and sulphites, polyphenyls, tannic acid Antagonists - blueberries, brusssel sprouts. Alcohol and urine and sweats contribute to loss
   • Role - imp for carb , amino acid and nucleic acid metab. Imp as coenzyme in Acetyl CoA prod and substrate for lipid metab
   • Therapeutics: Beri beri, nerve inflammation 5-30mg/d mth Diet rich in B1 can reduce cataract
   • DEFICIENCY: Beri Beri - nerve, CNS disorders, motor dysfunction, wernecke's encepalopathy, korsakoff's psychosis
     • INFLUENCING FACTORS: Diets high in fats & sugar Dx Sx: –Fatigue –Depression –Headaches –Memory loss –Confusion –Muscle weakness ( Liska et al 2004) –Gastrointestinal disorders Malabsorption, alcoholism, pregnancy

2. B2 RIBOFLAVIN

   • ROLE: FAD Coenzyme Destroyed by light
   • SOURCE - M F P dairy, nuts, seeds, legumes, Veg
     • RNI 0.6-. 08 / 1000KJ Supplements - 10 - 200mg/d; 400 mg - for migraines
       • ABSORPTION: Alcohol, psyllum gum, zinc, Vit C, Zinc, Saccharin, B3 may bind B2 and reduce availability.
   • METABOLISM: FAD/FMN - energy production Electron transport chain, FA and Amino Acid metab and Kreb cycle Drug metab - P450 Cytochrome Liver phase I detoxification Regneeration of Glutathione. Metabolism of Vit B3, B6, Folia Acid and K
   • DEFICIENCY: –Fatigue –Depression –Headaches –Memory loss –Confusion –Muscle weakness (Gastrointestinal disordersLesions of the margins of the lips and mouth corners • Painful desquamation of the tongue –red, dry atrophic tongue • Scaly dermatitis(especially around the mouth and nose, eyes and ears) • Conjunctivitis • Impairment of lipid metabolism (exacerbated by high fat diets)

3. B3 NIACIN

   • Can be made from Tryptophan except when it is impaired. 2 Compounds - Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide
   • DEFICIENCY ILLNESS: Pellagra Panch Ds. caused by poor diet or lack of tryptophan or high leucine which prevents tryptophan being converted
   • FORMS - NAD & NADP coenzymes
   • Food source: M F Mushrooms, Leafy Gr Veg, Nuts, whole grains
   • RNI - 1.6mg/240 kCal mostly met through diet F 12 - 50+ 12mg; 11 - 50+ 15 - 18mg/d Supplement - 100-3000mg / 5-10mg NAD
   • AVAILABILITY - no loss while cooking does leach when boiled.
   • ABSORPTION: In the SI. Synthesis of B3 occurs from Tryptophan with B6, B2 and Fe as cofactors. 2 coenzymes NAD NADP participate in metabolic reactions Electron transport chain, Krebs and Fatty Acid steroid synthesis and GTF Glucose Tolerance Factor in Insulin. It contributes to DNA function indirectly
   • THERAPEUTICS - Niacin Def/ Pellagra 50-100mg/d; Hyperlipidaemia - lowers LDL and TGs and inc HDL 250mg, Cataracts, Alzheimers - 17-45mg/d; Osteoarthritis - but needs v high doses

4. B5 PANTOTHENIC ACID

   • AVAILABILITY/SOURCE: Beef, poulty, whole grains, potatoes, tomatoes, broccoli, mushrooms, avocados, Loss - freezing, canning, refining
   • ROLE - Coenzyme CoA /Acetyl CoA - synthesis of lipids, neuorotransmitters; steroid hormones, haemoglobin
   • RNI 5MG/D No UL / toxicity Deficiency -SX: Fatigue, GI distress, Neurological disturbance Infants - 3 yrs 1.7mg, 4 - 50+ 3-7mg/d Supplement - 20-500mg >10mg can lead to histamine and joint sensitivity
   • THERAPEUTICS - UC, RA, Fatgue, Infection, Adrenal dysfunction, Allergies, Elevated TGs 50-250mg