the shoulder joint

the shoulder joint

1. anatomy

   • Joints in the shoulder region
   • bone
   • ligament
   • muscle
   • Rotator cuff

2. Physiology

   • Shoulder Joint Movement

3. Pathologies of the shoulder joint

   • Swimmer’s Shoulder
     • Causes
       • Farther narrowing of subacromial space when arm is raised leads to tendon impingement and causes an inflammatory response
       • bony spurs
       • thickening or calcification of coraco- acromial ligament
       • loss of function of rotator cuff muscles
       • inflammation and thickening of subacromial bursa
     • Signs and symptoms
       • Sudden onset --- tear
       • - tear Gradually increases
       • Weakness
       • Painful arc of movement during forward elevation of arm from 60 to 120 degrees
       • Popping sensation during shoulder movement
     • Prevention
       • Swim with the current technique Do not overtrain or train with tired muscles Avoid sudden increases in amount/intensity of swim workouts Void overuse of swim paddles
   • Sports injuries
     • Causes:
       • Insufficient warm up.
       • -Wrong training techniques. -
       • Overuse/long term use. -
       • Not using suitable protective equipments.
     • Definition:
       • result from acute trauma or repetitive stress associated with athletic activities
     • Types
       • acute injuries
         • result from a sudden trauma
         • Signs of acute injuries
           • Sudden, severe pain
           • Swelling
           • Inability to place weight on a lower limb
           • Extreme tenderness in an upper limb
           • Inability to move a joint through its full range of motion
           • Extreme limb weakness
       • chronic injuries:
         • Caused by
           • overuse of a particular part of the body, either through sports or exercise.
         • Types:
           • Overuse tendon injuries .
           • / chronic muscle strains
           • / osteoarthritis/
           • stress fractures
           • / bursitis
   • THERAPY
     • Pharmacology
       • Narcotics
         • Opioids
       • non narcotics analgesics
         • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Acetaminophen , PCM
     • Physiotherapy

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