Evapouration, Condensation, Convection, Conduction And Radiation

Evapouration, Condensation, Convection, Conduction And Radiation

1. Conduction

   • Conduction occurs mainly in solids
   • if one end of the solid is heated the paticles at the end gain kinetic energy an vibrate more
   • the energy is passed to neighbouring particles and in this way the energy is transferred through the solid.
   • when metals are heated their free electrons gain kinetic energy and move through the metal, transferring energy by colliding with other particles hence all metals are good conductors

2. Convection

   • Convection is the circulation of a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by heating it
   • convection takes place only in liquids and gasses
   • Heating a liquid or a gas make it less dense so it rises and causes circulation
   • The hot fluid rises and the cold fluid sinks as that warms it rises and so goes round in a circle.

3. radiation

   • Dark, matt surfaces emit infrared radiation more quickly than light shiny surfaces
   • Dark, matt surfaces absorb infrared radiation more quickly than light, shiny surfaces.
   • Light, shiny surface reflect more infrared radiation than Dark, matt surfaces

4. evapouration

   • The average kinetic energy of the remaining mollecules is less, so the tempreature of the liquid decreases causing cooling.
   • Takes place because the most energetic liquid molecules escape from the liquid's surface and enter the air
   • when a liquid turns into a gas.
   • rate of evapouration increased by: -increasing the surface area , -increasing the tempreature of the liquid and - creating a draught of air across the liquids surface
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5. condensation

   • condensation is when a liquid hits a cold surface and turns into a liquid
   • the rate of condensation is increased by: -increasing the surface area and -reducing the surface tempreature