Cold Environment (Sustainable Development)

Cold Environment (Sustainable Development)

1. Challanges

   • Econonmical
     • Costly
       • Case Study: Trans- Alaskan Pipeline. The total cost of $8 billion is required.
         • Special designs are required. The shape are zig-zag lined for contraction and expansion. Heat exchange machines are required to prevent it from sinking to the floor.
       • Housing
         • They have to be built higher
     • Seasonal Jobs
       • In the ski industry, it is usually populated during the winter season.
   • Environmental
     • Pollution
       • Case Study 1: Exxon Oil Spill.
       • Case Study 2: Nepal
     • Changing of food chain
       • Animals no longer hunt for food but searching for food in the rubbish
   • Social
     • Losing traditional way of living
       • Case Study: The Nenets, Siberia
     • Transports and nevigation
       • - Arctic Ocean’s northern sea route navigable for around 100 days in the summer, but frozen for the other 8 months in the year. - In summer, routes must cross the waterlogged land and roads can be impassable. -Rivers are used by barges in summer, but navigation is difficult due to flooding from snowmelt and large sandbanks that develop. - In winter, the frozen rivers are used as ice roads for trucks, yet there are risks of going through the ice of hitting obstacles.
     • Food Supply
       • High cost and limited resources

2. Oppotrunities

   • Economical
     • Increase in jobs opportunities
       • Case Study: The Alps, Switzerland
         • - Sufficient precipitation (i.e. snow) - Orographic rainfall - Frete = Black/**Black - Debris fan= Black slope =EASY
     • Economic Growth
       • Increase in foreign exchange --> Increase in GDP --> Economic growth
         • Case Study: Trans- Alaskan Pipleline
   • Social
     • Increase in living standard
       • Increase tax revenue = The government can use the money to compromise the public, e,g providing better education.