Zusammenfassung der Ressource
19th Century
Medicine
- Civilisation
- Explosion of Industry
- Urbanisation
- Growth of Empires
- Growth of Wealth
- Advances of
Technology
- Improved
communications
- Growth of Science
and research
- Democracy and Socialism
- New ideas about
evolution and genetics
- Wars on a greater scale
- Knowledge of the Body
- Robert Koch
- Discovered how to stain and grow
bacteria in a petri dish
- From this he was able to find what bacteria
caused septicaemia, TB, and cholera. Later
discovered Typhoid, pneumonia and plague
- Louis Pasteur
- Discovered that germs
cause disease
- Invented the Pasteurisation of Milk, which
prevented it going sour by killing germs and
sealing it from the air
- Joseph Lister
- Invented the multi-lens
microscope, allowing
doctors to see very small
organisms accurately
- Surgery
- Doctors made to
wash their hands in
calcium chloride
- Standards of cleanliness and nursing
rose due to Florence Nightingale
- Joseph Lister sprayed carbolic acid on
instruments and bandages to stop infection
- Surgeons boiled their instruments to sterilise them
- Landsteiner discovered Blood groups to
stop people being killed from clotting
- Lewisohn discovered that
sodium citrate stopped blood
clotting
- National Blood transfusion service was setup
- X-Rays discovered to help internal surgery
- Laughing gas discovered as an anaesthetic
- War meant that army surgeons
were needed for amputations
- Crimean war led to the development of
nursing (Nightingale)
- Methods of Treatment &
Diagnosis
- Charles Chamberland discovered by
chance that injecting chickens with a
weakened form of chicken cholera
gave them immunity to disease
(Principle of Inoculation)
- Paul Ehrlich discovered that different
dyes could stain bacteria and some
chemicals would kill them. He
discovered several magic bullets that
would target disease causing
microbes in the body and kill them
- Alternative cures included
injections of animal hormones,
cocaine, mercury, and creosote
- Public Health
- Towns were overcrowded
- Edwin Chadwick argued that disease
was the reason for poverty
- A Cholera epidemic made the government do
something about the prevention of disease
- Miasma was believed to be
the cause of disease. Although
this is wrong, it lead to much
cleaner environments
- Nightingale influenced improvements in
hospital hygeine
- Free school meals for poor children
- Old-age pensions introduced
- National insurance for workers who fell ill