Physical geography

Volcanoes
1. monitering
  1. quivering in the ground
  2. how close magma is to the surface
  3. any bulges on the side of the volcano
  4. dust clouds
2. 3 types
  1. super volcanoes
  2. shield volcanoes
  3. composite volcanoes
3. at destructive plate margins
  1. the oceanic plate goes under the continental plate; its more dense
4. at constructive plate margins
Earth quakes
Tsunami
1. Japanese earthquake and Tsunami on 11 March 2011
2. impacts
  1. collapsed roads
  2. destroyed buildings
  3. loss of lives
  4. expensive to fix
  5. increase in homeless people
  6. jobs lost
tropical rainforests
1. mainly distributed along the tropics of Capricorn and cancer. these are either sides of the equator.
2. the vegetation has different layers
  1. shrub, canopy
3. adaptations
  1. become taller to compete for sunlight
  2. flowers adapted to grow up trees to get to the sunlight
  3. bigger roots
  4. grow faster
  5. little shrub area
tourism
1. reasons for tourist areas
  1. coastline, mountains, citys
  2. transportation links
    1. airports
    2. roads
    3. train stations
    4. busses
  3. income
  4. jobs
2. Dubai
tectonic plates
1. plate margins
  1. destructive margins
    1. two plates moving towards each other
      1. where an oceanic plate meets a continental plate.
        the denser oceanic plate is forced down into the mantle and destroyed
        this often creates volcanoes or deep ocean trenches.
        where the two continental plates meet, the plates are destroyed, but no crust is destroyed.
  2. constructive margins
    1. two plates moving away from each other
      1. magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap and cools, creating new crust.
  3. conservative margins
    1. moving sideways past each other, or are moving in the same direction at different speeds
      1. crust isn't created or destroyed
2. Earth's surface is separated into tectonic plates
  1. inner core
    1. outer core
      1. mantle
        Crust
3. types of crust
  1. oceanic crust
    1. thinner and more dense
  2. continental crust
    1. thicker and less dense
fold mountains
1. alps
  1. in central Europe
2. are formed when plates collide at destructive margins
  1. the sedimentary rocks that have built up between them are folded and forced upwards to form mountains
  2. when oceanic and continental plates collide
  3. or where two continental plates collide
3. uses
  1. farming
    1. higher slopes are used to graze animals like mountain goats
    2. lower slopes are use to grow crops
      1. steep slopes are sometimes terraced to make growing crops easier.
  2. mining
    1. are major sources of metal ores
  3. tourism
    1. activities attract tourists
      1. skiing
      2. snowboarding
      3. ice climbing
  4. forestry
    1. the environment is good for conifer trees
      1. these are used for fuel, building materials and to make things like paper and furniture.
  5. Hydro-electric power (HEP)
    1. steep sided mountains and high lakes (to store water) make fold mountains ideal for generating hydro eclectic power.
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