Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Israel
- Zionism
- Longing for a homeland
- Jewish exclusion
- W.E. : not allowed to
work in many industries
- Haskalah, Jewish enlightment
- Promoting Jewish
integration and
secularism
- E.E. : Active oppression
and restriction to own land
- Immigration to US
- Faith and hope in Zionism
- 1884-1900 Lovers of Zion assisted
Jewish Settlement in Palestine
- World Zionist Organization
- Objective: to establish
recognized home in
Palestine
- Chaim Weizmann
- Had big influence
in UK policies
- ↓
- Agreement with Faysel
(Syria): Jewish help in
economic development
Palestinians, in return
allowance of Jewish
Immigration
- Dreyfus affair: Jewish French
officer wrongly accused of
communicating French military
plans to Germany
- Herzl ' The Jewish State' 1896
- United States
- 1921: Jews no longer able
to go to US
- Recognized by US and Soviet Union
- Palestine and other Arab states
- Arabs rejected idea and
lost their voice in politics
- Hajj Amin, responsible for
Jerusalem and later all
Palestine
- President Supreme
Muslim Council
- Campaign labeling Zionism as threat
- More protests and violence:
violation rights Arabs
- Wealthy Palestinians sell land to Jews
- Palestinian refugee problem
- Second phase of gaining Jewish
independency caused many Palestinians to
fly
- Encouraged by Haganah
- Refugee camps full of
Palestinians in neighboring
Arab states
- 300.000 new refugees to Jordan
after June war (from Gaza + West bank)
- Egypt attacks Israel to get them
interested
- United Kingdom
- 1917: Balfour Declaration
- To prevent US
from siding with
Germany in WWI
- Promise protection to
Arabs in White Paper,
also Israeli nationality
will not be forced upon
Palestinians
- 1920 Samuel (high
commissioner mandate)
desired unitary state
- White Paper of 1930, giving
restrictions to Jewish immigration
- Peel Commission: collaboration
impossible, separate states suggested
- 1939 White Paper: No Jewish state in Palestine, restriction
of Jewish immigration and independence in 10 years for
Arabs
- Struggle for
Independent Jewish
State
- Phase 1: 1944 Irgon violence on Brits
and Arabs, Haganah
sabotage
- Brits hand Mandate over to UN
- Phase 2: May 1948: Jews secure allocated territories
- 400.000 Arab refugees
- Dayr Yassin massacre:
causes fear and more
refugees
- 14 May 1948:
Declaration of Jewish
state
- Phase 3: First Arab-Israeli war
- Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and
Transjordan launch regional war
- Defeat Arabs & enlargement Israeli
territory
- Collapse UN proposal
for Arab state
- Palestine partitioned among Israel,
Transjordan & Egypt
- United Nations
- United Nations Special
Committee On Palestine
- Minority Report:
federal state
- Majority report: 2 states,
Jerusalem international
- Jewish for, Arabs against: but still chosen as solution.
- Forced ceasefire by UN
- Jewish
community pre-1948
- Yishuv (Jewish
residents Palestine)
- Histadrut(federation
of Jewish Labour)
- 1920 IDF Haganah
to protect
community
- Mapai (Labour) Party
- David Ben-Gurion, first PM Israel
- The Revisionists,
against dependency on
UK
- Deciples: Begin and Shamir (PMs)
- Own military force Irgon
- 5 Aliyahs (waves of migration) pre-WWI - 1936
- Jewish National Fund buys land and sells it to Jewish immigrant
- Wailing Wall Disturbances 1929:
Jews want access to Holy Wall
in Jerusalem
- Lobbying by Jews, WL repudiated (Black Letter)
- Protests and violence: inadequate land
allocated
- June War/Six days war
June 5 - 11 1967
- Soviet + Syrian intelligence
suspected Israel to prepare
operation against Syria
- Nasser responds by
deploying troops in Sinai and
requesting UN to withdraw (Bluf)
- 6/5 Israel destroys airforces
Egypt, Syria and Jordan
- Defeats Nassers troops in Sinai
- Defeat Jordan + Syria and
annexation of Golan heights and
West Bank
- Ceasefire
- Resolution 242
- inadmissibility of
accusation of
territory by war
- Just settlement for
refugees
- Too open-ended, failed!
- Yom Kippur War
Oct. 1973
- Israelis not interested in negotiations
- 10 days later: Ariel
Sharon attacks Egypt
- Oil embargo of OPEC
- To get the west to criticize Israel
- Kissinger Sinai II: retreat troops from
Sinai, US help to both parties.