PALABRAS CONECTORAS (2)

PALABRAS CONECTORAS (2)

1. 1. IN SPITE OF y DESPITE

   • a) Significado
     • in spite of = a pesar de, no obstante
     • despite = a pesar de, pese a
   • b) Características
     • b.1) son usadas para explicar un evento inesperado
       • I got the job in spite of having no experience
       • We enjoyed the trip despite the bad weather
     • b.2) van al principio o al final de la frase
       • In spite of / Despite having little money, we were very happy (nota la coma)
       • We were very happy in spite of / despite having little monet
     • b.3) son seguidos de -ing o un nombre
       • He continued to work in spite of / despite being ill
       • He continued to work in spite of / despite his illness
     • b.4) son frecuentemente seguidos por "the fact that" + sujeto + verbo
       • I got the job in spite of the fact that I had no experience
       • Despite the fact that I had no experience, I got the job

2. 2. BUT, ALTHOUGH y THOUGH

   • a) contrastan dos eventos o ideas. Though es más común que although en lenguaje hablado
   • b) BUT normalmente va en el medio de la frase
     • I like making films but I´m really a stage actor
   • c) ALTHOUGH y THOUGH puede ir en el medio o al principio de la frase
     • I like making films though / although I´m really a stage actor
     • Although / Though I´m really a stage actor, I like making films
   • d) No podemos usar THOUGH / ALTHOUGH y BUT en la misma frase
     • Though / Although I´m really a stage actor, but I like making films (no es posible)
   • e) Algunas veces usamos THOUGH al final de la frase
     • I like making films, I´m really a stage actor, though

3. 3. EVEN THOUGH (AUNQUE, A PESAR DE) y EVEN IF (AÚN SI, INCLUSO SI)

   • a) EVEN THOUG hace un contraste más fuerte que ALTHOUGH / THOUGH. Ello enfatiza la sorpresa del hablando ante dos hechos que son verdad
     • She was given the job even though she had no experience
   • b) usamos EVEN IF cuando nosotros no estamos cierto sobre nuestro hechos
     • I will support my team even if they don´t win the Cup

4. 4. CLÁUSULAS DE PARTICIPATIVO

   • a) La forma -ING o el pasado participio
     • puede ser usado para combinar dos frases cuando ambas frases tienen el mismo sujeto
       • I work far from home ---- Working far from home, I sometimes feel lonely
     • reemplazar un sujeto +verbo
       • Ali was asked about the play + Ali said it was great --- Asked about the play, Ali said it was great
     • nota: estas estructuras son más comunes en el lenguaje escrito que en el lenguaje hablado
   • b) la forma -ING
     • reemplazar un verbo activo
       • He refused to apologize + he left the room --- Refusing to apologise, he left the room
     • conectar dos cosas ocurriendo sobre el mismo tiempo (presente o pasado)
       • The girl used all her strength + The girl pushed open the heavy doors --- Using all her strength, the girl pushed open the heavy doors
     • puede empezar la primera o segunda mitad de la frase
       • She writes a blog + She uses her experiences at work --- She writes a blog using her experiences at work
   • c) El pasado participio
     • reemplaza un verbo pasivo
       • The boys were refused entry to the club + The boys walked slowly home --- Refused entry to the club, the boys walked slowly home
     • conecta dos eventos conectados o situaciones
       • "Greensleeves" was written in the 16th century + "Greensleeves" is still a famous song --- Written in the sixteenth century, "Greensleeves" is still a famous song

5. 5. BEFORE y AFTER + -ING

   • a) muestran el orden en que ocurren las cosas
   • b) son usados para combinar dos frases solo cuando ambas frases tienen el mismo sujeto
   • c) pueden reemplazar el sujeto + verbo de cualquier frase
     • I had a long talk with my parents (primer evento) + I accepted the part (segundo evento)
       • dos opciones
         • I had a long talk with my parents before accepting the part
         • I accepted the part after having a long talk with my parents
   • d) BEFORE y AFTER + -ING puede ir al principio o en el medio de la frase. Si ellos van al principio, hay normalmente una coma antes de la cláusula principal
     • Before accepting the part, I had a long talk with my parents
     • After having a long talk with my parents, I accepted the part

6. 6. WHEN, WHILE y SINCE + -ING

   • a) WHEN + -ING une dos acciones que ocurren al mismo tiempo
     • When leaving the train, passengers should ensure that they have all their possessions with them
     • You must try to make a good impression when starting a new job
   • b) WHILE + -ING une una acción más largo a una acción que ocurre en el medio de ella
     • I was offered two more films while making "Starshine"
     • While making "Starshine", I was offered two more films
   • c) SINCE + -ING une una situación o acción en desarrollo a un evento o acción cuando ella empezó
     • She hasn´t been in touch once since moving to New York
     • Since leaving school, she has completely changed