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There is an important difference between climate and weather. Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in one place over a short period of time, such as hours or days. For example, when you look outside the window in the morning to decide what to wear that day, you are checking the weather. Climate, on the other hand, refers to the average weather conditions as measured over many years. Climate is the reason why you decide to buy certain types of clothing to wear based on where you live.

The relationship between the Earth and the sun directly affects climate. Whether the climate in a particular region is cool and wet or hot and dry is determined by many factors, the most important of which is Earth’s position in relation to the sun. The sun’s heat and light reach Earth as warmth and sunlight, but they do not reach all parts of Earth at the same time or with the same intensity.